K. Saido, 1.6 - Ocean Contamination Generated from Plastics, In
Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, edited by Satinder Ahuja,
Elsevier, Waltham, 2014, Pages 86-97, ISBN 9780123821836,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00005-0.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123821829000050)
Abstract: For clarification of causes leading to new global chemical
contamination from plastics, beach sand and water taken from sites
around the world were extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed by
selected ion monitoring-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(SIM-GC/MS). All samples were found to contain the styrene oligomer (SO)
(in this study, SO is considered to be a mixture of styrene monomer
(SM), )1styrene dimer (SD1), SD2, and styrene trimer (ST)), a mixture
consisting of phenylethylene (SM), 2,4-diphenyl-1-butene (SD), and
2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (ST). New global chemical contamination
products were clearly shown to be derived from polystyrene (PS)
decomposition and/or elution in the ocean, as well as from marine debris
plastics whose presence may persist well into the future.
Keywords: Adverse effects; Bisphenol A; Degradation; Elution; Marine
debris plastics; Nonylphenol; Phthalate; Styrene oligomer; Toxicity