Baltic Sea Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/category/baltic-sea/ Wed, 11 May 2016 18:52:06 +0000 de-DE hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg Baltic Sea Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/category/baltic-sea/ 32 32 The Experimental Research of Additional Energy Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions from Use of Marine Litter Collecting Nets https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2016/the-experimental-research-of-additional-energy-consumption-and-exhaust-gas-emissions-from-use-of-marine-litter-collecting-nets/ Wed, 11 May 2016 18:52:06 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=1279 Vytautas Smailys, Vygintas Daukšys, Nadežda Zamiatina, The Experimental Research of Additional Energy Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions from Use of Marine Litter Collecting Nets, Procedia Engineering, Volume 134, 2016, Pages 205-214, ISSN 1877-7058, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.061. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705816000643) Abstract: The problem of marine litter is one of the most important ecological problems in many countries. Lack of ecological consciousness and disregard for environmental regulations for marine pollution, results in increasing and sometimes even dangerous amounts of floating litter that either pollutes coastal areas or end up degrading into ever smaller particles and poi-soning marine fauna. To solve this problem one of innovative marine litter collection nets – a light weight, easy to assemble was created. However marine litter collection would create additional trawling work which results in additional air pollutant emissions. It is there for necessary to evaluate the air pollutant emissions that occur during trawling of nets and aim to provide tools for ecological optimization of trawling work so that the least amounts of air pollution would be created while gathering the greatest amount marine litter. The special raft was designed and constructed for such nets test. The test was performed in Curonian lagoon. Marine litter collection requires additional energy consumption, because of increase of thug’s engines power to overcome increase of nets resistance, that also leads to additional fuel consumptions and higher exhaust gas emissions. The article is based on experimental research of a light weight marine litter collection nets resistance measurement. Evaluation of additional energy consumption and increased exhaust gas emissions during trawling. Keywords: marine litter; resistance determination; energy consumption; exhausts gas emissions. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705816000643/pdf?md5=e7f93326b32c28ad7285dedc308b70c8&pid=1-s2.0-S1877705816000643-main.pdf

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]]> Vytautas Smailys, Vygintas Daukšys, Nadežda Zamiatina, The Experimental
Research of Additional Energy Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions from
Use of Marine Litter Collecting Nets, Procedia Engineering, Volume 134,
2016, Pages 205-214, ISSN 1877-7058,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.061.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705816000643)
Abstract: The problem of marine litter is one of the most important
ecological problems in many countries. Lack of ecological consciousness
and disregard for environmental regulations for marine pollution,
results in increasing and sometimes even dangerous amounts of floating
litter that either pollutes coastal areas or end up degrading into ever
smaller particles and poi-soning marine fauna. To solve this problem one
of innovative marine litter collection nets – a light weight, easy to
assemble was created. However marine litter collection would create
additional trawling work which results in additional air pollutant
emissions. It is there for necessary to evaluate the air pollutant
emissions that occur during trawling of nets and aim to provide tools
for ecological optimization of trawling work so that the least amounts
of air pollution would be created while gathering the greatest amount
marine litter. The special raft was designed and constructed for such
nets test. The test was performed in Curonian lagoon. Marine litter
collection requires additional energy consumption, because of increase
of thug’s engines power to overcome increase of nets resistance, that
also leads to additional fuel consumptions and higher exhaust gas
emissions. The article is based on experimental research of a light
weight marine litter collection nets resistance measurement. Evaluation
of additional energy consumption and increased exhaust gas emissions
during trawling.
Keywords: marine litter; resistance determination; energy consumption;
exhausts gas emissions.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705816000643/pdf?md5=e7f93326b32c28ad7285dedc308b70c8&pid=1-s2.0-S1877705816000643-main.pdf

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]]> HOW TO GET RID OF LITTER IN BALTIC SHORES AND WATERS https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/how-to-get-rid-of-litter-in-baltic-shores-and-waters/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/how-to-get-rid-of-litter-in-baltic-shores-and-waters/#respond Fri, 12 Sep 2014 20:00:07 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=841 http://helcom.fi/news/Pages/How-to-get-rid-of-litter-in-Baltic-shores-and-waters.aspx HOW TO GET RID OF LITTER IN BALTIC SHORES AND WATERS Category: Press release 27/05/2014 10:52 The first HELCOM marine litter workshop begins today by discussing on the best way forward to develop Regional Action Plan for the Baltic, as litter dominated by plastics of all sizes is a rapidly growing concern at sea and shores alike. The Regional Action Plan on marine litter will fulfil the 2013 HELCOM Ministerial commitment, expecting adoption in 2015, with the aim of achieving a significant reduction of marine litter by 2025 and to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment. Consumer behaviour is considered as the most important reason for marine litter in the Baltic Sea, indicate recent studies by e.g. by the Marlin Project and ARCADIS. Moreover, as much as 48 per cent of marine litter originates from household?related waste, including sanitary waste, while waste generated by recreational or tourism activities would add up to 33 per cent. The urgent need of a comprehensive action plan to address the issue is further supported by the Marlin study results stating that, in average, close to 240 items of litter were detected per every 100 meters in urban beaches of Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Sweden. Plastic never biodegrades, but with the sunlight it splits into smaller pieces ? also into tiny microplastics that are ingested by a few marine species thus entering the food chain. http://portal.helcom.fi:81/meetings/MARINE%20LITTER%201-2014-107 First HELCOM Workshop on Regional Action Plan for Marine Litter http://portal.helcom.fi:81/meetings/MARINE%20LITTER%202-2014-144 Second HELCOM Workshop on Regional Action Plan for Marine Litter http://www.projectmarlin.eu/sa/node.asp?node=3120 Results For the very first time, a comprehensive and comparable picture of litter in the Baltic Sea is presented with the results of Baltic Marine Litter project. The Baltic Marine Litter project MARLIN has been monitoring litter at 23 beaches in Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Latvia during two years. The results of project MARLIN shows that litter in the Baltic Sea mostly originates from visitors at the beaches or ends up at the beach from nearby cities. The amount of litter is higher at urban beaches with a lot of visitors (236,6 items per 100 m) than at rural beaches (75,5 items per 100 m). The litter found on urban beaches was highly related to our take away-lifestyle; bottle caps, plastic bags, plastic food containers, wrappers and plastic cutlery were common items. On rural beaches, more ?industrial? litter such as plastic ropes and construction materials were found. The findings indicate that litter generated from sea-based sources such as shipping does not end up on shores of the Baltic Sea to the same extent as for example in the North East Atlantic Area. 56% of the litter is plastic and the most common litter item over all is ?plastic, other? which means unidentified pieces of plastic or small plastic items that don?t fit in any other category. When all beach types are combined, ?plastic other? counts for 25,3% of all litter found. As millions of tones of waste are dumped into the world?s oceans each year, project MARLIN can provide a good starting point for future national and regional strategies in the Baltic Sea such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and a HELCOM regional action plan that is supposed to be ready by 2015. A top 5 list of litter items found on the shores of the Baltic Sea ? Different kinds of unidentified pieces of plastics ? Glass and ceramics fragments ? Plastic bottle caps and lids ? Plastic bags ? Foamed plastic (packaging and insulation) http://www.hsr.se/sites/default/files/marlin-baltic-marine-litter-report.pdf FINAL REPORT OF BALTIC MARINE LITTER PROJECT MARLIN - LITTER MONITORING AND RAISING AWARENESS 2011-2013

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]]> http://helcom.fi/news/Pages/How-to-get-rid-of-litter-in-Baltic-shores-and-waters.aspx HOW TO GET RID OF LITTER IN BALTIC SHORES AND WATERS Category: Press release 27/05/2014 10:52 The first HELCOM marine litter workshop begins today by discussing on the best way forward to develop Regional Action Plan for the Baltic, as litter dominated by plastics of all sizes is a rapidly growing concern at sea and shores alike. The Regional Action Plan on marine litter will fulfil the 2013 HELCOM Ministerial commitment, expecting adoption in 2015, with the aim of achieving a significant reduction of marine litter by 2025 and to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment. Consumer behaviour is considered as the most important reason for marine litter in the Baltic Sea, indicate recent studies by e.g. by the Marlin Project and ARCADIS. Moreover, as much as 48 per cent of marine litter originates from household?related waste, including sanitary waste, while waste generated by recreational or tourism activities would add up to 33 per cent. The urgent need of a comprehensive action plan to address the issue is further supported by the Marlin study results stating that, in average, close to 240 items of litter were detected per every 100 meters in urban beaches of Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Sweden. Plastic never biodegrades, but with the sunlight it splits into smaller pieces ? also into tiny microplastics that are ingested by a few marine species thus entering the food chain. 
http://portal.helcom.fi:81/meetings/MARINE%20LITTER%201-2014-107

First HELCOM Workshop on Regional Action Plan for Marine Litter

http://portal.helcom.fi:81/meetings/MARINE%20LITTER%202-2014-144

Second HELCOM Workshop on Regional Action Plan for Marine Litter

http://www.projectmarlin.eu/sa/node.asp?node=3120

Results

For the very first time, a comprehensive and comparable picture of
litter in the Baltic Sea is presented with the results of Baltic Marine
Litter project.

The Baltic Marine Litter project MARLIN has been monitoring litter at 23
beaches in Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Latvia during two years. The
results of project MARLIN shows that litter in the Baltic Sea mostly
originates from visitors at the beaches or ends up at the beach from
nearby cities. The amount of litter is higher at urban beaches with a
lot of visitors (236,6 items per 100 m) than at rural beaches (75,5
items per 100 m). The litter found on urban beaches was highly related
to our take away-lifestyle; bottle caps, plastic bags, plastic food
containers, wrappers and plastic cutlery were common items. On rural
beaches, more ?industrial? litter such as plastic ropes and construction
materials were found. The findings indicate that litter generated from
sea-based sources such as shipping does not end up on shores of the
Baltic Sea to the same extent as for example in the North East Atlantic
Area. 56% of the litter is plastic and the most common litter item over
all is ?plastic, other? which means unidentified pieces of plastic or
small plastic items that don?t fit in any other category. When all beach
types are combined, ?plastic other? counts for 25,3% of all litter found.

As millions of tones of waste are dumped into the world?s oceans each
year, project MARLIN can provide a good starting point for future
national and regional strategies in the Baltic Sea such as the Marine
Strategy Framework Directive and a HELCOM regional action plan that is
supposed to be ready by 2015.

A top 5 list of litter items found on the shores of the Baltic Sea

? Different kinds of unidentified pieces of plastics
? Glass and ceramics fragments
? Plastic bottle caps and lids
? Plastic bags
? Foamed plastic (packaging and insulation)

http://www.hsr.se/sites/default/files/marlin-baltic-marine-litter-report.pdf

FINAL REPORT OF BALTIC MARINE LITTER PROJECT MARLIN

- LITTER MONITORING AND RAISING AWARENESS

2011-2013

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/how-to-get-rid-of-litter-in-baltic-shores-and-waters/feed/ 0 Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web, Environmental Pollution https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2013/ingestion-and-transfer-of-microplastics-in-the-planktonic-food-web-environmental-pollution/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2013/ingestion-and-transfer-of-microplastics-in-the-planktonic-food-web-environmental-pollution/#respond Sun, 22 Dec 2013 19:51:54 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=120 Outi Setälä, Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web, Environmental Pollution, Volume 185, February 2014, Pages 77-83, ISSN 0269-7491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113005411) Abstract: Experiments were carried out with different Baltic Sea zooplankton taxa to scan their potential to ingest plastics. Mysid shrimps, copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, polychaete larvae and ciliates were exposed to 10 μm fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. These experiments showed ingestion of microspheres in all taxa studied. The highest percentage of individuals with ingested spheres was found in pelagic polychaete larvae, Marenzelleria spp. Experiments with the copepod Eurytemora affinis and the mysid shrimp Neomysis integer showed egestion of microspheres within 12 h. Food web transfer experiments were done by offering zooplankton labelled with ingested microspheres to mysid shrimps. Microscopy observations of mysid intestine showed the presence of zooplankton prey and microspheres after 3 h incubation. This study shows for the first time the potential of plastic microparticle transfer via planktonic organisms from one trophic level (mesozooplankton) to a higher level (macrozooplankton). The impacts of plastic transfer and possible accumulation in the food web need further investigations. Keywords: Microplastic litter; Zooplankton; Trophic transfer; Planktonic food web

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]]> Outi Setälä, Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web, Environmental Pollution, Volume 185, February 2014, Pages 77-83, ISSN 0269-7491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113005411) Abstract: Experiments were carried out with different Baltic Sea zooplankton taxa to scan their potential to ingest plastics. Mysid shrimps, copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, polychaete larvae and ciliates were exposed to 10 μm fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. These experiments showed ingestion of microspheres in all taxa studied. The highest percentage of individuals with ingested spheres was found in pelagic polychaete larvae, Marenzelleria spp. Experiments with the copepod Eurytemora affinis and the mysid shrimp Neomysis integer showed egestion of microspheres within 12 h. Food web transfer experiments were done by offering zooplankton labelled with ingested microspheres to mysid shrimps. Microscopy observations of mysid intestine showed the presence of zooplankton prey and microspheres after 3 h incubation. This study shows for the first time the potential of plastic microparticle transfer via planktonic organisms from one trophic level (mesozooplankton) to a higher level (macrozooplankton). The impacts of plastic transfer and possible accumulation in the food web need further investigations. Keywords: Microplastic litter; Zooplankton; Trophic transfer; Planktonic food web

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2013/ingestion-and-transfer-of-microplastics-in-the-planktonic-food-web-environmental-pollution/feed/ 0