Mit der Philippinischen Küstenwache an unserer Seite und UP MSI an Bord, sammeln wir Proben, messen das Wasser und evaluieren wissenschaftliche Ansätze. Dank ASSIST und Holcim gibt es nun Bildungsmaterialien für Schulen, um Bewusstsein zu schaffen. Diese Materialien werden in Schulpläne integriert, um langfristig Wandel zu bewirken.

Mit über 3 Millionen m² gereinigter Fläche, 17.000 kg Meeresmüll und 243 zurückgelegten Seemeilen haben wir wertvolle Daten gesammelt und Naturschutzgebiete gereinigt. Wir meistern Hürden und machen sie zu Chancen, wie bei Landgewinnungsprojekten, die Kooperationen ermöglichen.

Dank an Holcim für ihre engagierte Unterstützung und Philippine Trasmarine Carriers (PTC) für ihre professionelle Hilfe. Ein riesiges Dankeschön an unser Team, das die Welt besser macht! Zusammen setzen wir ein starkes Zeichen gegen Meeresverschmutzung.

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The power of environmental norms: marine plastic pollution and the politics of microbeads,
Environmental Politics, DOI:
10.1080/09644016.2018.1449090

ABSTRACT:

Emerging environmental norms gain strength and diffuse more quickly when
scientific evidence of harm is consolidating, when activism is
intensifying, and when political and corporate resistance is relatively
weak. The anti-microbead norm – that plastic microbeads should be
removed from personal care products – has been gaining global influence
since 2012; witness the upsurge in anti-microbead activism, public
concern, voluntary corporate phasedowns and governmental bans. By 2018,
the world was on track to eliminate microbeads from ‘rinse-off’ products
within a decade, reducing microplastics flowing into oceans by 1–2%.
This confirms the power of environmental norms, but how and why this
phaseout is occurring – unequally across jurisdictions, with firms
creating loopholes, missing deadlines and limiting the scope of reforms
– also reveals innate weaknesses of bottom-up, ad hoc norm diffusion as
a way of improving marine governance. These weaknesses are heightened
when economic stakes are high, solutions are complex and costly,
authority is fragmented across jurisdictions and corporate resistance is
strong.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LIF8aDtH5IjejTsWtIhcSi0Li5cGEOs1
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2018.1449090

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Alice K. Forrest & Mark Hindell (2018) Ingestion of plastic by fish
destined for human consumption in remote South Pacific Islands,
Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, DOI:
10.1080/18366503.2018.1460945

ABSTRACT:

Plastic marine debris is increasingly recognised as one of the greatest
threats to global oceans, and the humans who depend on them. This study
documents plastic ingestion in 24 species caught or sold for human
consumption in the South Pacific. Fish were collected from local
fishermen and markets in remote locations, including French Polynesia,
Lord Howe Island and Henderson Island (Pitcairn group). Gastrointestinal
tracts of 126 fish were visually examined and plastic was found in 7.9%
of individual fish and 25% of species. The plastics were mostly
microplastics (fragments, nurdles and rope). There was no significant
difference in plastic ingestion in relation to feeding style, length,
region or species. This is concerning as plastic appears to be
widespread across species, lifestyles and habitats. This is the first
report of plastic in South Pacific fish, raising concerns about the
transfer of pollutants in a region that is largely oceanic and heavily
dependent on seafood. The remote locations of the study also provide
evidence of the widespread nature of this issue.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1dCwimvEQ-SkMwPnOUn2f-KhYqCHQjStT
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18366503.2018.1460945

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The power of environmental norms: marine plastic pollution and the politics of microbeads,

Environmental Politics, DOI:
10.1080/09644016.2018.1449090

ABSTRACT

Emerging environmental norms gain strength and diffuse more quickly when
scientific evidence of harm is consolidating, when activism is
intensifying, and when political and corporate resistance is relatively
weak. The anti-microbead norm – that plastic microbeads should be
removed from personal care products – has been gaining global influence
since 2012; witness the upsurge in anti-microbead activism, public
concern, voluntary corporate phasedowns and governmental bans. By 2018,
the world was on track to eliminate microbeads from ‘rinse-off’ products
within a decade, reducing microplastics flowing into oceans by 1–2%.
This confirms the power of environmental norms, but how and why this
phaseout is occurring – unequally across jurisdictions, with firms
creating loopholes, missing deadlines and limiting the scope of reforms
– also reveals innate weaknesses of bottom-up, ad hoc norm diffusion as
a way of improving marine governance. These weaknesses are heightened
when economic stakes are high, solutions are complex and costly,
authority is fragmented across jurisdictions and corporate resistance is
strong.
KEYWORDS: Global environmental governance, environmental norms,
transnational corporations, marine pollution, plastics, microbeads

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LIF8aDtH5IjejTsWtIhcSi0Li5cGEOs1

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Science of The Total Environment, Volumes 631–632, 1 August 2018, Pages 550-559, ISSN 0048-9697,

Abstract:

Microplastics are present in aquatic ecosystems the world over and may influence the feeding, growth, reproduction, and survival of freshwater and marine biota; however, the extent and magnitude of potential effects
of microplastics on aquatic organisms is poorly understood.
In the current study, we conducted a meta-analysis of published literature to examine impacts of exposure to microplastics on consumption (and feeding), growth, reproduction, and survival of fish and aquatic invertebrates.

While we did observe within-taxa negative effects for all four categories of responses, many of the effects summarized in our study were neutral, indicating that the effects of exposure to microplastics are highly variable across taxa.
The most consistent effect was a reduction in consumption of natural prey when microplastics were present. For some taxa, negative effects on growth, reproduction and even survival were also evident. Organisms that serve as prey to larger predators, e.g., zooplankton, may be particularly susceptible to negative impacts of exposure to microplastic pollution, with potential for ramifications throughout the food web. Future work should focus on
whether microplastics may be affecting aquatic organisms more subtly, e.g., by influencing exposure to contaminants and pathogens, or by acting at a molecular level.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1g2nCqdcI1ZiaY36_ksAknNx8OSM3OeqQ
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.046.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718307630)

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Seasonal patterns of floating macro-litter across the Western Mediterranean Sea: a potential threat for cetacean species

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei (2018)

Abstract

Marine litter is a major form of pollution in the Mediterranean, but despite legislative requirements, additional information is still needed to evaluate basin-scale amounts, trends, and potential threats for the biota, especially for Habitats Directive listed species, such as cetaceans.
Through repeated sampling of floating macro-litter along a fixed transect between Spain and Italy, this study provided detailed data within four marine sectors of the Western Mediterranean Sea, characterized by seasonal variability in oceanographic/ecological conditions and anthropogenic pressure.
Moreover, we identified the areas of major overlap between high density of plastic and cetacean sightings.
Litter was composed of plastic for more than 65%, with more diverse compositions occurring in the Balearic and Sardinian Sea compared to the semi-enclosed Bonifacio and Tyrrhenian sectors.
The average amount of macro-litter ranged between 1.9 and 2.8 items km−2 and reached the highest values in spring/summer in all basins, suggesting a relationship with the increasing of touristic and maritime activities, both in coastal and offshore waters. The Balearic and Bonifacio sectors showed higher amounts and larger accumulation areas for plastic, likely due to a combination of multiple sources and oceanographic processes influencing the distributional patterns. Cetacean sightings were recorded in all sectors with fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and
striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) as the most frequent species.
The presence of cetaceans in areas with high densities of plastic emerged mostly during spring/summer in the Balearic and Bonifacio sectors, but other specific areas of potential exposure were identified, indicating the need for a dynamic definition of this threat.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ZaNAhxyrAKVc3lae10HCYsfGLC4_GdnR
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-018-0680-0

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