Plastic Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/tag/plastic/ Wed, 05 Jul 2023 06:00:50 +0000 de-DE hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg Plastic Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/tag/plastic/ 32 32 Qualitative assessment to determine internal and external factors influencing the origin of styrene oligomers pollution by polystyrene plastic in coastal marine environments https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database-en/2021/qualitative-assessment-to-determine-internal-and-external-factors-influencing-the-origin-of-styrene-oligomers-pollution-by-polystyrene-plastic-in-coastal-marine-environments/ Thu, 18 Mar 2021 17:03:10 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=9384 Bum Gun Kwon, Seon-Yong Chung, Seung-Shik Park, Katsuhiko Saido, Qualitative assessment to determine internal and external factors influencing the origin of styrene oligomers pollution by polystyrene plastic in coastal marine environments, Environmental Pollution, Volume 234, 2018, Pages 167-173, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the qualitative contribution of internal and external factors of the area contaminated by polystyrene (PS) in coastal marine environments. This study is based on the extensive results of monitoring the styrene oligomers (SOs) present in sand and seawater samples along various coastlines of the Pacific Ocean. Here, anthropogenic SOs is derived from PS during manufacture and use, and can provide clues about the origin of SOs by PS pollution. The monitoring results showed that, if the concentration of SOs in water is higher than those concentrations in beach sand, this area could be affected by PS plastic caused by an external factor. On the other hand, if the concentration of SOs is higher in the beach sand, the region can be mainly influenced by PS plastic derived from its own area. Unlike the case of an external factor, in this case (internal influence), it is possible to take policy measures of the area itself for the PS plastic problem. Thus, this study is motivated by the need of policy measures to establish a specific alternative to the problems of PS plastic pollution in ocean environments. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1tY68_zQrL77mknBCHlUG9OmaFprP155Y https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.046. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117335479)

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]]> Bum Gun Kwon, Seon-Yong Chung, Seung-Shik Park, Katsuhiko Saido,

Qualitative assessment to determine internal and external factors influencing the origin of styrene oligomers pollution by polystyrene plastic in coastal marine environments,

Environmental Pollution, Volume 234, 2018, Pages 167-173, ISSN 0269-7491,

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the qualitative contribution of internal and external factors of the area contaminated by polystyrene (PS) in coastal marine environments.

This study is based on the extensive results of monitoring the styrene oligomers (SOs) present in sand and seawater samples along various coastlines of the Pacific Ocean.
Here, anthropogenic SOs is derived from PS during manufacture and use, and can provide clues about the origin of SOs by PS pollution. The monitoring results showed that, if the concentration of SOs in water is higher than those concentrations in beach sand, this area could be affected by PS plastic caused by an external factor. On the other hand, if the concentration of SOs is higher in the beach sand, the region can be mainly influenced by PS plastic derived from its own area.
Unlike the case of an external factor, in this case (internal influence), it is possible to take policy measures of the area itself for the PS plastic problem. Thus, this study is motivated by the need of policy measures to establish a specific alternative to the problems of PS plastic pollution in ocean environments.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1tY68_zQrL77mknBCHlUG9OmaFprP155Y
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.046.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117335479)

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]]> Plastic litter from shotgun ammunition on Danish coastlines – Amounts and provenance https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database-en/2021/plastic-litter-from-shotgun-ammunition-on-danish-coastlines-amounts-and-provenance-2/ Fri, 12 Mar 2021 12:40:54 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=9348 Niels Kanstrup, Thorsten J.S. Balsby, Plastic litter from shotgun ammunition on Danish coastlines – Amounts and provenance, EnvironmentalPollution, Volume 237, June 2018, Pages 601-610, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: Plastic litter in the marine environment is a major global issue. Discarded plastic shotgun ammunition shells and discharged wads are an unwelcome addition and feature among the top ten litter items found on reference beaches in Denmark. To understand this problem, its scale and origins, collections were made by volunteers along Danish coastal shorelines. In all 3669 plastic ammunition items were collected at 68 sites along 44.6 km of shoreline. The collected items were scored for characteristic variables such as gauge and length, shot type, and the legibility of text, the erosion, and the presence of metallic components. Scores for characteristics were related to the site, area, and season and possible influences discussed. The prevalence of collected plastic shotgun litter ranges from zero to 41 items per 100 m with an average of 3.7 items per 100 m. Most ammunition litter on Danish coasts originates from hunting on Danish coastal waterbodies, but a small amount may come from further afield. North Sea coasts are the most distinctive suggesting the possible contribution of long distance drift as well as the likelihood that such litter can persist in marine habitats for decades. The pathway from initial discard to eventual wash-up and collection depends on the physical properties of plastic components, marine tides and currents, coastal topography and shoreline vegetation. Judging from the disintegration of the cartridge and the wear and decomposition of components, we conclude that there is a substantial supply of polluting plastic ammunition materials that has and will accumulate. These plastic items pose a hazard to marine ecosystems and wash up on coasts for many years to come. We recommend that responsible managers, hunters and ammunition manufacturers will take action now to reduce the problem and, thereby, protect ecosystems, wildlife and the sustainability of hunting. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1l7766GcPdCFhMmOLBtkTJMLPuf5pVFGX https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.087. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117351424)

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]]> Niels Kanstrup, Thorsten J.S. Balsby,

Plastic litter from shotgun ammunition on Danish coastlines – Amounts and provenance,

EnvironmentalPollution, Volume 237, June 2018, Pages 601-610, ISSN 0269-7491,

Abstract:
Plastic litter in the marine environment is a major global issue.
Discarded plastic shotgun ammunition shells and discharged wads are an
unwelcome addition and feature among the top ten litter items found on
reference beaches in Denmark.

To understand this problem, its scale and origins, collections were made
by volunteers along Danish coastal shorelines. In all 3669 plastic
ammunition items were collected at 68 sites along 44.6 km of shoreline.
The collected items were scored for characteristic variables such as
gauge and length, shot type, and the legibility of text, the erosion,
and the presence of metallic components. Scores for characteristics were
related to the site, area, and season and possible influences discussed.

The prevalence of collected plastic shotgun litter ranges from zero to
41 items per 100 m with an average of 3.7 items per 100 m. Most
ammunition litter on Danish coasts originates from hunting on Danish
coastal waterbodies, but a small amount may come from further afield.
North Sea coasts are the most distinctive suggesting the possible
contribution of long distance drift as well as the likelihood that such
litter can persist in marine habitats for decades.

The pathway from initial discard to eventual wash-up and collection
depends on the physical properties of plastic components, marine tides
and currents, coastal topography and shoreline vegetation.

Judging from the disintegration of the cartridge and the wear and
decomposition of components, we conclude that there is a substantial
supply of polluting plastic ammunition materials that has and will
accumulate. These plastic items pose a hazard to marine ecosystems and
wash up on coasts for many years to come. We recommend that responsible
managers, hunters and ammunition manufacturers will take action now to
reduce the problem and, thereby, protect ecosystems, wildlife and the
sustainability of hunting.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1l7766GcPdCFhMmOLBtkTJMLPuf5pVFGX
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.087.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117351424)

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]]> Plastic litter from shotgun ammunition on Danish coastlines – Amounts and provenance https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database-en/2021/plastic-litter-from-shotgun-ammunition-on-danish-coastlines-amounts-and-provenance/ Mon, 25 Jan 2021 16:58:36 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=9113 Niels Kanstrup, Thorsten J.S. Balsby, Plastic litter from shotgun ammunition on Danish coastlines – Amounts and provenance, Environmental Pollution, Volume 237, June 2018, Pages 601-610, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: Plastic litter in the marine environment is a major global issue. Discarded plastic shotgun ammunition shells and discharged wads are an unwelcome addition and feature among the top ten litter items found on reference beaches in Denmark. To understand this problem, its scale and origins, collections were made by volunteers along Danish coastal shorelines. In all 3669 plastic ammunition items were collected at 68 sites along 44.6 km of shoreline. The collected items were scored for characteristic variables such as gauge and length, shot type, and the legibility of text, the erosion, and the presence of metallic components. Scores for characteristics were related to the site, area, and season and possible influences discussed. The prevalence of collected plastic shotgun litter ranges from zero to 41 items per 100 m with an average of 3.7 items per 100 m. Most ammunition litter on Danish coasts originates from hunting on Danish coastal waterbodies, but a small amount may come from further afield. North Sea coasts are the most distinctive suggesting the possible contribution of long distance drift as well as the likelihood that such litter can persist in marine habitats for decades. The pathway from initial discard to eventual wash-up and collection depends on the physical properties of plastic components, marine tides and currents, coastal topography and shoreline vegetation. Judging from the disintegration of the cartridge and the wear and decomposition of components, we conclude that there is a substantial supply of polluting plastic ammunition materials that has and will accumulate. These plastic items pose a hazard to marine ecosystems and wash up on coasts for many years to come. We recommend that responsible managers, hunters and ammunition manufacturers will take action now to reduce the problem and, thereby, protect ecosystems, wildlife and the sustainability of hunting. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1l7766GcPdCFhMmOLBtkTJMLPuf5pVFGX https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.087.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117351424)

The post Plastic litter from shotgun ammunition on Danish coastlines – Amounts and provenance appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

]]> Niels Kanstrup, Thorsten J.S. Balsby,

Plastic litter from shotgun ammunition on Danish coastlines – Amounts and provenance,

Environmental Pollution, Volume 237, June 2018, Pages 601-610, ISSN 0269-7491,

Abstract:

Plastic litter in the marine environment is a major global issue. Discarded plastic shotgun ammunition shells and discharged wads are an unwelcome addition and feature among the top ten litter items found on reference beaches in Denmark.

To understand this problem, its scale and origins, collections were made by volunteers along Danish coastal shorelines. In all 3669 plastic ammunition items were collected at 68 sites along 44.6 km of shoreline.
The collected items were scored for characteristic variables such as gauge and length, shot type, and the legibility of text, the erosion, and the presence of metallic components. Scores for characteristics were related to the site, area, and season and possible influences discussed.

The prevalence of collected plastic shotgun litter ranges from zero to 41 items per 100 m with an average of 3.7 items per 100 m. Most ammunition litter on Danish coasts originates from hunting on Danish coastal waterbodies, but a small amount may come from further afield. North Sea coasts are the most distinctive suggesting the possible
contribution of long distance drift as well as the likelihood that such litter can persist in marine habitats for decades.

The pathway from initial discard to eventual wash-up and collection depends on the physical properties of plastic components, marine tides and currents, coastal topography and shoreline vegetation.

Judging from the disintegration of the cartridge and the wear and decomposition of components, we conclude that there is a substantial supply of polluting plastic ammunition materials that has and will accumulate. These plastic items pose a hazard to marine ecosystems and wash up on coasts for many years to come. We recommend that responsible managers, hunters and ammunition manufacturers will take action now to reduce the problem and, thereby, protect ecosystems, wildlife and the sustainability of hunting.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1l7766GcPdCFhMmOLBtkTJMLPuf5pVFGX

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.087.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117351424)

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]]> Sorption behaviors of phenanthrene on the microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, southeastern China https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database-en/2021/sorption-behaviors-of-phenanthrene-on-the-microplastics-identified-in-a-mariculture-farm-in-xiangshan-bay-southeastern-china/ Thu, 21 Jan 2021 10:02:57 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=9091 Zheng Wang, Minglong Chen, Liwen Zhang, Kan Wang, Xubiao Yu, Zhongming Zheng, Rongyue Zheng, Sorption behaviors of phenanthrene on the microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, southeastern China, Science of The Total Environment, Volumes 628–629, 2018, Pages 1617-1626, ISSN 0048-9697, Abstract: Recently, with the accumulation of evidence that microplastic can be ingested by a variety of marine organisms, microplastic sorption behaviors towards organic contaminants (OCs) have become the subject of more studies due to the concerns about the contaminant vector effect. In this study, the priority microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, China, including polyethylene (PE) and nylon fibers (i.e., derived from new fishing ropes and nets), were examined for their sorption behaviors. The results indicate that both plastic fibers show linear isotherms towards phenanthrene, a common target hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC), revealing the characteristics of a partitioning mechanism. The sorption capacity of PE fiber was found to be 1–2 orders of magnitude higher (evaluated by Freundlich parameter log KF) than that of nylon fiber, suggesting the importance of plastic surface functional groups (i.e., with or without hydrophilic groups). By comparing carbon normalized log KF with literature data, the organic affinity of PE fiber was found to be 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than that of vectors, such as carbonaceous geosorbents (CG), but was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of marine sediments. Small size and rough surface tended to enhance the sorption of plastic fibers of phenanthrene. In addition, phenol (log KOW: 1.46), a low-hydrophobicity compound, showed approximately 3 orders of magnitude lower sorption amounts onto both fibers compared to phenanthrene (log KOW: 4.46), indicating the selectivity of hydrophobicity. The results of this study demonstrate that the high abundance of plastic fibers distributed in mariculture farms could lead to a higher contaminant transfer effect than marine sediments, and their effects on cultured seafood (e.g., crab and fish) need further investigation. Keywords: Marine debris; Plastic; Fiber; PAHs; Uptake; Seafood https://drive.google.com/open?id=1_-3VZFrGlVvqE3595xBJX_OXAc2WfhEh https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.146.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718305370)

The post Sorption behaviors of phenanthrene on the microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, southeastern China appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

]]> Zheng Wang, Minglong Chen, Liwen Zhang, Kan Wang, Xubiao Yu, Zhongming Zheng, Rongyue Zheng,

Sorption behaviors of phenanthrene on the microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, southeastern China,

Science of The Total Environment,
Volumes 628–629,
2018,
Pages 1617-1626,
ISSN 0048-9697,

Abstract:

Recently, with the accumulation of evidence that microplastic can be ingested by a variety of marine organisms, microplastic sorption behaviors towards organic contaminants (OCs) have become the subject of more studies due to the concerns about the contaminant vector effect.
In this study, the priority microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, China, including polyethylene (PE) and nylon fibers (i.e., derived from new fishing ropes and nets), were examined for their
sorption behaviors. The results indicate that both plastic fibers show linear isotherms towards phenanthrene, a common target hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC), revealing the characteristics of a partitioning mechanism. The sorption capacity of PE fiber was found to be 1–2 orders of magnitude higher (evaluated by Freundlich parameter log KF) than that of nylon fiber, suggesting the importance of plastic surface functional groups (i.e., with or without hydrophilic groups). By comparing carbon normalized log KF with literature data, the organic affinity of PE fiber was found to be 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than that of vectors, such as carbonaceous geosorbents (CG), but was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of marine sediments. Small size and rough surface tended to enhance the sorption of plastic fibers of phenanthrene. In addition, phenol (log KOW: 1.46), a low-hydrophobicity
compound, showed approximately 3 orders of magnitude lower sorption amounts onto both fibers compared to phenanthrene (log KOW: 4.46), indicating the selectivity of hydrophobicity. The results of this study demonstrate that the high abundance of plastic fibers distributed in mariculture farms could lead to a higher contaminant transfer effect than marine sediments, and their effects on cultured seafood (e.g., crab and fish) need further investigation.
Keywords: Marine debris; Plastic; Fiber; PAHs; Uptake; Seafood

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1_-3VZFrGlVvqE3595xBJX_OXAc2WfhEh
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.146.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718305370)

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]]> Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database-en/2020/investigating-microplastic-trophic-transfer-in-marine-top-predators-2/ Thu, 05 Nov 2020 11:01:49 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=8740 Sarah E. Nelms, Tamara S. Galloway, Brendan J. Godley, Dan S. Jarvis, Penelope K. Lindeque, Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators, Environmental Pollution, 2018, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: Microplastics are highly bioavailable to marine organisms, either through direct ingestion, or indirectly by trophic transfer from contaminated prey. The latter has been observed for low-trophic level organisms in laboratory conditions, yet empirical evidence in high trophic-level taxa is lacking. In natura studies face difficulties when dealing with contamination and differentiating between directly and indirectly ingested microplastics. The ethical constraints of subjecting large organisms, such as marine mammals, to laboratory investigations hinder the resolution of these limitations. Here, these issues were resolved by analysing sub-samples of scat from captive grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and whole digestive tracts of the wild-caught Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) they are fed upon. An enzymatic digestion protocol was employed to remove excess organic material and facilitate visual detection of synthetic particles without damaging them. Polymer type was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extensive contamination control measures were implemented throughout. Approximately half of scat subsamples (48%; n = 15) and a third of fish (32%; n = 10) contained 1–4 microplastics. Particles were mainly black, clear, red and blue in colour. Mean lengths were 1.5 mm and 2 mm in scats and fish respectively. Ethylene propylene was the most frequently detected polymer type in both. Our findings suggest trophic transfer represents an indirect, yet potentially major, pathway of microplastic ingestion for any species whose feeding ecology involves the consumption of whole prey, including humans. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.016.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294)

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]]> Sarah E. Nelms, Tamara S. Galloway, Brendan J. Godley, Dan S. Jarvis, Penelope K. Lindeque,

Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators,
Environmental Pollution, 2018, ISSN 0269-7491,

Abstract:

Microplastics are highly bioavailable to marine organisms, either through direct ingestion, or indirectly by trophic transfer from
contaminated prey. The latter has been observed for low-trophic level organisms in laboratory conditions, yet empirical evidence in high
trophic-level taxa is lacking. In natura studies face difficulties when dealing with contamination and differentiating between directly and
indirectly ingested microplastics. The ethical constraints of subjecting large organisms, such as marine mammals, to laboratory investigations hinder the resolution of these limitations. Here, these issues were resolved by analysing sub-samples of scat from captive grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and whole digestive tracts of the wild-caught Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) they are fed upon. An enzymatic digestion protocol was employed to remove excess organic material and facilitate visual detection of synthetic particles without damaging them.
Polymer type was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extensive contamination control measures were implemented throughout. Approximately half of scat subsamples (48%; n = 15) and a third of fish (32%; n = 10) contained 1–4 microplastics. Particles were mainly black, clear, red and blue in colour. Mean lengths were 1.5 mm and 2 mm in scats and fish respectively. Ethylene propylene was the most frequently detected polymer type in both. Our findings suggest trophic transfer represents an indirect, yet potentially major, pathway of microplastic ingestion for any species whose feeding ecology involves the consumption of whole prey, including humans.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.016.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294)

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]]> Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database/2020/investigating-microplastic-trophic-transfer-in-marine-top-predators/ Mon, 19 Oct 2020 10:26:18 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=8045 Sarah E. Nelms, Tamara S. Galloway, Brendan J. Godley, Dan S. Jarvis, Penelope K. Lindeque, Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators, Environmental Pollution, 2018, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: Microplastics are highly bioavailable to marine organisms, either through direct ingestion, or indirectly by trophic transfer from contaminated prey. The latter has been observed for low-trophic level organisms in laboratory conditions, yet empirical evidence in high trophic-level taxa is lacking. In natura studies face difficulties when dealing with contamination and differentiating between directly andindirectly ingested microplastics. The ethical constraints of subjectinglarge organisms, such as marine mammals, to laboratory investigations hinder the resolution of these limitations. Here, these issues were resolved by analysing sub-samples of scat from captive grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and whole digestive tracts of the wild-caughtAtlantic mackerel (Scomberscombrus) they are fed upon. An enzymaticdigestion protocol was employed to remove excess organic material andfacilitate visual detection of synthetic particles without damagingthem. Polymer type was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extensive contamination control measures were implementedthroughout. Approximately half of scat subsamples (48%; n = 15) and a third of fish (32%; n = 10) contained 1–4 microplastics. Particles weremainly black, clear, red and blue in colour. Mean lengths were 1.5 mm and 2 mm in scats and fish respectively. Ethylene propylene was the most frequently detected polymer type in both. Our findings suggest trophic transfer represents an indirect, yet potentially major, pathway ofmicroplastic ingestion for any species whose feeding ecology involves the consumption of whole prey, including humans. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces

The post Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

]]> Sarah E. Nelms, Tamara S. Galloway, Brendan J. Godley, Dan S. Jarvis, Penelope K. Lindeque,

Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators,
Environmental Pollution, 2018, ISSN 0269-7491,

Abstract:

Microplastics are highly bioavailable to marine organisms, either through direct ingestion, or indirectly by trophic transfer from contaminated prey. The latter has been observed for low-trophic level organisms in laboratory conditions, yet empirical evidence in high trophic-level taxa is lacking. In natura studies face difficulties when dealing with contamination and differentiating between directly andindirectly ingested microplastics.

The ethical constraints of subjectinglarge organisms, such as marine mammals, to laboratory investigations hinder the resolution of these limitations. Here, these issues were resolved by analysing sub-samples of scat from captive grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and whole digestive tracts of the wild-caughtAtlantic mackerel (Scomberscombrus) they are fed upon. An enzymaticdigestion protocol was employed to remove excess organic material andfacilitate visual detection of synthetic particles without damagingthem. Polymer type was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Extensive contamination control measures were implementedthroughout. Approximately half of scat subsamples (48%; n = 15) and a third of fish (32%; n = 10) contained 1–4 microplastics. Particles weremainly black, clear, red and blue in colour. Mean lengths were 1.5 mm and 2 mm in scats and fish respectively. Ethylene propylene was the most
frequently detected polymer type in both. Our findings suggest trophic transfer represents an indirect, yet potentially major, pathway ofmicroplastic ingestion for any species whose feeding ecology involves the consumption of whole prey, including
humans.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces

The post Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

]]> Marine litter at the seafloor – Abundance and composition in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database/2020/marine-litter-at-the-seafloor-abundance-and-composition-in-the-north-sea-and-the-baltic-sea-2/ Tue, 22 Sep 2020 15:06:26 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=7955 Ulrike Kammann, Marc-Oliver Aust, Horst Bahl, Thomas Lang, Marine litter at the seafloor – Abundance and composition in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 127,2018, Pages 774-780, ISSN 0025-326X, Abstract: Litter is present in all marine waters around the globe. It consists of several compound classes of which plastic is of special interest because of its high abundance and possible threat to marine organisms. The regional distribution, composition and abundance of large litter items (LI) at the sea floor of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were investigated based on 175 bottom trawls between 2013 and 2015. Different types of marine litter >2.5cm were classified according to the protocol of the ICES International Bottom Trawl Survey. The results showed considerable geographical variation: In the North Sea, a mean litter abundance of 16.8LI/km2 was found, whereas the litter abundance in the Baltic Sea was significantly lower (5.07LI/km2). In general, plastic represented 80% of the litter items. During the study, some methodical aspects with possible impact on the results were identified that need to be addressed in future sampling campaigns. https://drive.google.com/open?id=16htyLi2ZIa6q9l1GkpjPxMWCjuNFQOKq https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.051.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17307865)

The post Marine litter at the seafloor – Abundance and composition in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

]]> Ulrike Kammann, Marc-Oliver Aust, Horst Bahl, Thomas Lang,

Marine litter at the seafloor – Abundance and composition in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea,
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 127,2018, Pages 774-780, ISSN 0025-326X,

Abstract:

Litter is present in all marine waters around the globe. It
consists of several compound classes of which plastic is of special
interest because of its high abundance and possible threat to marine
organisms. The regional distribution, composition and abundance of large
litter items (LI) at the sea floor of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
were investigated based on 175 bottom trawls between 2013 and 2015.
Different types of marine litter >2.5cm were classified according to the
protocol of the ICES International Bottom Trawl Survey. The results
showed considerable geographical variation: In the North Sea, a mean
litter abundance of 16.8LI/km2 was found, whereas the litter abundance
in the Baltic Sea was significantly lower (5.07LI/km2). In general,
plastic represented 80% of the litter items. During the study, some
methodical aspects with possible impact on the results were identified
that need to be addressed in future sampling campaigns.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=16htyLi2ZIa6q9l1GkpjPxMWCjuNFQOKq

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.051.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17307865)

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]]> Marine litter at the seafloor – Abundance and composition in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea https://oneearth-oneocean.com/international-marine-litter-database/2020/marine-litter-at-the-seafloor-abundance-and-composition-in-the-north-sea-and-the-baltic-sea/ Tue, 25 Aug 2020 13:44:38 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/?p=7868 Ulrike Kammann, Marc-Oliver Aust, Horst Bahl, Thomas Lang, Marine litter at the seafloor – Abundance and composition in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 127, 2018, Pages 774-780, ISSN 0025-326X, Abstract: Litter is present in all marine waters around the globe. It consists of several compound classes of which plastic is of special interest because of its high abundance and possible threat to marine organisms. The regional distribution, composition and abundance of large litter items (LI) at the sea floor of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were investigated based on 175 bottom trawls between 2013 and 2015. Different types of marine litter >2.5cm were classified according to the protocol of the ICES International Bottom Trawl Survey. The results showed considerable geographical variation: In the North Sea, a mean litter abundance of 16.8LI/km2 was found, whereas the litter abundance in the Baltic Sea was significantly lower (5.07LI/km2). In general, plastic represented 80% of the litter items. During the study, some methodical aspects with possible impact on the results were identified that need to be addressed in future sampling campaigns. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.051.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17307865)

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]]> Ulrike Kammann, Marc-Oliver Aust, Horst Bahl, Thomas Lang,

Marine litter at the seafloor – Abundance and composition in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

Marine Pollution Bulletin,
Volume 127, 2018, Pages 774-780, ISSN 0025-326X,

Abstract:

Litter is present in all marine waters around the globe. It consists of several compound classes of which plastic is of special
interest because of its high abundance and possible threat to marine organisms.

The regional distribution, composition and abundance of large litter items (LI) at the sea floor of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
were investigated based on 175 bottom trawls between 2013 and 2015.
Different types of marine litter >2.5cm were classified according to the protocol of the ICES International Bottom Trawl Survey. The results
showed considerable geographical variation:

In the North Sea, a mean litter abundance of 16.8LI/km2 was found, whereas the litter abundance in the Baltic Sea was significantly lower (5.07LI/km2). In general, plastic represented 80% of the litter items. During the study, some methodical aspects with possible impact on the results were identified that need to be addressed in future sampling campaigns.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.051.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17307865)

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]]> Issues Challenges and Remediation https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/issues-challenges-and-remediation/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/issues-challenges-and-remediation/#respond Sat, 26 Apr 2014 19:48:25 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=500 Koushal V, Sharma R, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma V (2014) Plastics: Issues Challenges and Remediation. Int J Waste Resources 4: 134. doi: 10.4303/2252-5211.1000134 Abstract Plastics have become a vital asset for humanity. Though extensive research and new technologies have led to invent of newer and safer plastics, but drawbacks and challenges of plastics have never been resolved and impact is on the rise. Some of the major compounds (vinyl chloride, dioxins, and plasticizers) are causative factors of hormone-disruption, reproductive dysfunction, breast growth and testicular cancers. The harmful effects are also pronounced in newborns via mothers during pregnancy or young children exposed directly. Recycling is one of the most convenient and easiest ways. Smarter sorting, energy efficient ways, developing smarter plastics and research to develop certain fungi and bacteria that hasten degradation of conventional plastics are some of the present era needs. Source reduction (Reduce and Reuse) can occur by altering the design, manufacture or reduced use of plastic products. Biodegradable plastics are similar to conventional plastics, with the additional quality of being able to naturally decompose and break into natural and safe byproducts. Bioplastics, nature derived plastics, are derived from biological sources such as sugar cane, cellulose etc. and these either degrade in open air or are made to compost using fungi, bacteria or enzymes. To conclude, it is not the plastics to blame, but it is the misuse of plastics. The present time need is to look for biodegradable measures and effective policies and their implementation. http://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/plastics-issues-challenges-and-remediation-2252-5211.1000134.pdf

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]]> Koushal V, Sharma R, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma V (2014) Plastics: Issues Challenges and Remediation. Int J Waste Resources 4: 134. doi: 10.4303/2252-5211.1000134 Abstract Plastics have become a vital asset for humanity. Though extensive research and new technologies have led to invent of newer and safer plastics, but drawbacks and challenges of plastics have never been resolved and impact is on the rise. Some of the major compounds (vinyl chloride, dioxins, and plasticizers) are causative factors of hormone-disruption, reproductive dysfunction, breast growth and testicular cancers. The harmful effects are also pronounced in newborns via mothers during pregnancy or young children exposed directly. Recycling is one of the most convenient and easiest ways. Smarter sorting, energy efficient ways, developing smarter plastics and research to develop certain fungi and bacteria that hasten degradation of conventional plastics are some of the present era needs. Source reduction (Reduce and Reuse) can occur by altering the design, manufacture or reduced use of plastic products. Biodegradable plastics are similar to conventional plastics, with the additional quality of being able to naturally decompose and break into natural and safe byproducts. Bioplastics, nature derived plastics, are derived from biological sources such as sugar cane, cellulose etc. and these either degrade in open air or are made to compost using fungi, bacteria or enzymes. To conclude, it is not the plastics to blame, but it is the misuse of plastics. The present time need is to look for biodegradable measures and effective policies and their implementation. http://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/plastics-issues-challenges-and-remediation-2252-5211.1000134.pdf

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/issues-challenges-and-remediation/feed/ 0 FUTURE BESTIARY https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/future-bestiary/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/future-bestiary/#respond Fri, 21 Mar 2014 14:06:37 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=383 http://anti-utopias.com/art/gilles-cenazandotti-future-bestiary/ GILLES CENAZANDOTTI FUTURE BESTIARY What’s going to happen when the tide overflows with our rejected products – abandoned on Earth and collected by the Sea – when the pollution touches so many species that life itself will become diminished? Impressed by everything that the Sea, in turn, rejects and transforms, on the beaches, Gilles Cenazandotti harvests the products derived from petroleum and its industry. The choice of animals that are part of the endangered species completes this process. In covering these animals with a new skin harvested from the banks of the Sea, it is the artist’s intention to draw attention to this possible metamorphosis – in Cenazandotti’s words, to create a trompe l’oeil of a modified reality.

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]]> http://anti-utopias.com/art/gilles-cenazandotti-future-bestiary/ GILLES CENAZANDOTTI FUTURE BESTIARY What’s going to happen when the tide overflows with our rejected products – abandoned on Earth and collected by the Sea – when the pollution touches so many species that life itself will become diminished? Impressed by everything that the Sea, in turn, rejects and transforms, on the beaches, Gilles Cenazandotti harvests the products derived from petroleum and its industry. The choice of animals that are part of the endangered species completes this process. In covering these animals with a new skin harvested from the banks of the Sea, it is the artist’s intention to draw attention to this possible metamorphosis – in Cenazandotti’s words, to create a trompe l’oeil of a modified reality.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/future-bestiary/feed/ 0