Environmental Pollution Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/tag/environmental-pollution/ Wed, 31 Dec 2014 15:32:04 +0000 de-DE hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg Environmental Pollution Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/tag/environmental-pollution/ 32 32 Solid waste in mangrove in the Potengi River (Natal, RN, Brazil): relation to the location and uses https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/solid-waste-in-mangrove-in-the-potengi-river-natal-rn-brazil-relation-to-the-location-and-uses/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/solid-waste-in-mangrove-in-the-potengi-river-natal-rn-brazil-relation-to-the-location-and-uses/#respond Wed, 31 Dec 2014 15:32:04 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=1082 http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/rgci451.html Pedro Henrique P. Belarmino, Sarah Mariana da Silva, Marie-Christine Rufener, Maria Christina B. de Araújo Solid waste in mangrove in the Potengi River (Natal, RN, Brazil): relation to the location and uses Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, 14(3):447-457 (2014) DOI: 10.5894/rgci451 ABSTRACT Mangroves are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth; however, its potential is affected by intense human activities and urban sprawl. The increase of the populations in localities near the coast has been pressing this and other natural biological systems. One of the main impacts on mangroves is solid waste disposal from anthropogenic origin. Studies on the impact of solid waste in coastal regions are quite widespread and well known, but are generally made with a focus on the beaches or in the marine environment, while research on mangroves are quite scarce. The estuary of Potengi river (Natal-RN) has a great environmental and socio-economic importance; in its mangroves, about 1,200 families survive by collecting crustacean and shellfish. According to local studies, the estuary is affected by intense changes that occurred during the last century, mainly due to disorderly growth of Natal city. The objective of this work was to carry out an assessment of solid waste pollution in two mangrove areas associated with the estuary of the Potengi River, establishing its relationship with the location and levels of use and exploitation of these areas. A diagnosis of the areas was carried out through monthly observation, to determine their main characteristics and types of use. For a detailed survey of the main uses were made contacts and informal interviews with local residents, fishermen, tourists, traders and government agencies. For evaluation of solid waste were demarcated three transects of 50m2 each in each area. Samples were taken monthly for 06 months (three of the rainy season: May, June and July, and three of the dry season: September, October and November); the abundance and location in the environment (sediment or suspended), were analyzed. The classification according to the constitution (plastic, metal, glass, paper, wood, fabric and organic) and when possible, their most likely source (local users, domestic, mixed and fishing) also were determined. The areas showed environmental characteristics and use completely different. In the Area 1 the access is difficult because it is done through a dirt road that enters a very narrow trail bordered by thick vegetation and with erosion process. The mangrove presents good condition, with vegetation preserved and used only by locals. In the Area 2 there is only a narrow strip of mangrove totally limited in their faces west and south by urban structures. Besides the paved lanes that allow the arrival to the area, providing parking and stalls for selling crafts and food, the place has an access that was opened with the removal of mangroves, and built on a high rock allowing the arrival of hundreds of tourists to Reis Magos Fort. In the six months of sampling, was recorded a total of 1,381 items of solid waste, 77 for Area 1 and 1304 for Area 2. Area 2 had approximately 17 times more items than Area 1, however, in both areas, the most frequent category of litter was plastic. Also, in both areas, litter on the sediment was majority. In the area 1 the predominant source was mixed contributing 49% of the total items, while in area 2, 57% of the residues identified, probably originated in the local users. The large amount of residues found in the area 2, demonstrates that the area needs planning and infrastructure to receive tourists, with the installation of bins for collect solid wastes in sufficient quantities and environmental education with tradespeople, users and tour guides. Keywords: Environmental pollution; rivers; plastics; environmental monitoring.

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]]> http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/rgci451.html Pedro Henrique P. Belarmino, Sarah Mariana da Silva, Marie-Christine Rufener, Maria Christina B. de Araújo Solid waste in mangrove in the Potengi River (Natal, RN, Brazil): relation to the location and uses Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, 14(3):447-457 (2014) DOI: 10.5894/rgci451 ABSTRACT Mangroves are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth; however, its potential is affected by intense human activities and urban sprawl. The increase of the populations in localities near the coast has been pressing this and other natural biological systems. One of the main impacts on mangroves is solid waste disposal from anthropogenic origin. Studies on the impact of solid waste in coastal regions are quite widespread and well known, but are generally made with a focus on the beaches or in the marine environment, while research on mangroves are quite scarce. The estuary of Potengi river (Natal-RN) has a great environmental and socio-economic importance; in its mangroves, about 1,200 families survive by collecting crustacean and shellfish. According to local studies, the estuary is affected by intense changes that occurred during the last century, mainly due to disorderly growth of Natal city. The objective of this work was to carry out an assessment of solid waste pollution in two mangrove areas associated with the estuary of the Potengi River, establishing its relationship with the location and levels of use and exploitation of these areas. A diagnosis of the areas was carried out through monthly observation, to determine their main characteristics and types of use. For a detailed survey of the main uses were made contacts and informal interviews with local residents, fishermen, tourists, traders and government agencies. For evaluation of solid waste were demarcated three transects of 50m2 each in each area. Samples were taken monthly for 06 months (three of the rainy season: May, June and July, and three of the dry season: September, October and November); the abundance and location in the environment (sediment or suspended), were analyzed. The classification according to the constitution (plastic, metal, glass, paper, wood, fabric and organic) and when possible, their most likely source (local users, domestic, mixed and fishing) also were determined. The areas showed environmental characteristics and use completely different. In the Area 1 the access is difficult because it is done through a dirt road that enters a very narrow trail bordered by thick vegetation and with erosion process. The mangrove presents good condition, with vegetation preserved and used only by locals. In the Area 2 there is only a narrow strip of mangrove totally limited in their faces west and south by urban structures. Besides the paved lanes that allow the arrival to the area, providing parking and stalls for selling crafts and food, the place has an access that was opened with the removal of mangroves, and built on a high rock allowing the arrival of hundreds of tourists to Reis Magos Fort. In the six months of sampling, was recorded a total of 1,381 items of solid waste, 77 for Area 1 and 1304 for Area 2. Area 2 had approximately 17 times more items than Area 1, however, in both areas, the most frequent category of litter was plastic. Also, in both areas, litter on the sediment was majority. In the area 1 the predominant source was mixed contributing 49% of the total items, while in area 2, 57% of the residues identified, probably originated in the local users. The large amount of residues found in the area 2, demonstrates that the area needs planning and infrastructure to receive tourists, with the installation of bins for collect solid wastes in sufficient quantities and environmental education with tradespeople, users and tour guides. Keywords: Environmental pollution; rivers; plastics; environmental monitoring.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/solid-waste-in-mangrove-in-the-potengi-river-natal-rn-brazil-relation-to-the-location-and-uses/feed/ 0 Incorporation of fine plastic aggregates in rendering mortars, Construction and Building Materials https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/incorporation-of-fine-plastic-aggregates-in-rendering-mortars-construction-and-building-materials/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/incorporation-of-fine-plastic-aggregates-in-rendering-mortars-construction-and-building-materials/#respond Thu, 18 Sep 2014 17:44:45 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=903 Alexandra M. da Silva, Jorge de Brito, Rosário Veiga, Incorporation of fine plastic aggregates in rendering mortars, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 71, 30 November 2014, Pages 226-236, ISSN 0950-0618, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.026. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061814009374) Abstract: The increasing growth of plastic in our Society has triggered the search for methods to solve the industry?s waste disposal. The interest of recycling this material, both in ecologic and economical terms, is not only due to its aggressiveness towards the environment but also to its high volume of landfilled material along with the fact that it is non-biodegradable. This paper approaches these issues within the context of sustainable development, considering a new application for plastic waste and studying the effects of its incorporation in mortars. Three substitution ratios of recycled plastic for natural aggregate have been considered, 5%, 10% and 15%. This substitution was made in volume and only in the 1?2 mm fraction. This research also studied two types of PET aggregates, PP and PF aggregates that stand for plastic pellets and plastic flakes. The results show that, although the incorporation of plastic aggregates led to a worse performance in some properties, in others the modified mortars revealed a significantly improved performance in comparison with the control mortar (without plastic). Keywords: Mortar; Renderings; Modified coating mortars; Recycling; Plastic waste; Plastic aggregates; PET; Performance

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]]> Alexandra M. da Silva, Jorge de Brito, Rosário Veiga, Incorporation of fine plastic aggregates in rendering mortars, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 71, 30 November 2014, Pages 226-236, ISSN 0950-0618, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.026. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061814009374) Abstract: The increasing growth of plastic in our Society has triggered the search for methods to solve the industry?s waste disposal. The interest of recycling this material, both in ecologic and economical terms, is not only due to its aggressiveness towards the environment but also to its high volume of landfilled material along with the fact that it is non-biodegradable. This paper approaches these issues within the context of sustainable development, considering a new application for plastic waste and studying the effects of its incorporation in mortars. Three substitution ratios of recycled plastic for natural aggregate have been considered, 5%, 10% and 15%. This substitution was made in volume and only in the 1?2 mm fraction. This research also studied two types of PET aggregates, PP and PF aggregates that stand for plastic pellets and plastic flakes. The results show that, although the incorporation of plastic aggregates led to a worse performance in some properties, in others the modified mortars revealed a significantly improved performance in comparison with the control mortar (without plastic). Keywords: Mortar; Renderings; Modified coating mortars; Recycling; Plastic waste; Plastic aggregates; PET; Performance

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/incorporation-of-fine-plastic-aggregates-in-rendering-mortars-construction-and-building-materials/feed/ 0 Economic instruments and marine litter control https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/economic-instruments-and-marine-litter-control/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/economic-instruments-and-marine-litter-control/#respond Thu, 18 Sep 2014 17:37:06 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=899 Frans Oosterhuis, Elissaios Papyrakis, Benjamin Boteler, Economic instruments and marine litter control, Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 102, Part A, December 2014, Pages 47-54, ISSN 0964-5691, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.08.005. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096456911400249X) Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of the literature on the economic instruments that can reduce marine litter. We assess their cost of implementation, level of effectiveness as well as indirect environmental and socio-economic effects (externalities) that may arise as a result of their implementation. The evidence points to an overall beneficial impact of environmental taxes on items such as plastic bags in terms of reduced use, as well as a corresponding low cost of implementation. In the same vein, deposit-refund schemes can achieve high return rates for bottles although at a relatively high cost (especially when the scheme targets a wide range of packaging types). In the case of municipal waste collection, a ?pay-as-you-throw? charge can be applied to incentivise waste reduction. In coastal areas, waste collection and treatment can be further supported by the collection of tourist taxes, although there is a high risk that these funds might be used for other purposes. In the fishing industry, rewards for fishing vessels that return waste to shore has been shown to both reduce marine litter as well as complement fishermen's income. Since the vast majority of marine litter comes from land-based sources and consists of plastic, economic instruments that target relevant sources of land-based litter more broadly stand to make the greatest contribution to marine litter reduction. The choice of an appropriate intervention is case specific, largely depending on the tackled source of pollution, the country's institutional characteristics and infrastructure, consumer preferences and habitual behaviour, and the economy's overall sectoral composition.

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]]> Frans Oosterhuis, Elissaios Papyrakis, Benjamin Boteler, Economic instruments and marine litter control, Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 102, Part A, December 2014, Pages 47-54, ISSN 0964-5691, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.08.005. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096456911400249X) Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of the literature on the economic instruments that can reduce marine litter. We assess their cost of implementation, level of effectiveness as well as indirect environmental and socio-economic effects (externalities) that may arise as a result of their implementation. The evidence points to an overall beneficial impact of environmental taxes on items such as plastic bags in terms of reduced use, as well as a corresponding low cost of implementation. In the same vein, deposit-refund schemes can achieve high return rates for bottles although at a relatively high cost (especially when the scheme targets a wide range of packaging types). In the case of municipal waste collection, a ?pay-as-you-throw? charge can be applied to incentivise waste reduction. In coastal areas, waste collection and treatment can be further supported by the collection of tourist taxes, although there is a high risk that these funds might be used for other purposes. In the fishing industry, rewards for fishing vessels that return waste to shore has been shown to both reduce marine litter as well as complement fishermen's income. Since the vast majority of marine litter comes from land-based sources and consists of plastic, economic instruments that target relevant sources of land-based litter more broadly stand to make the greatest contribution to marine litter reduction. The choice of an appropriate intervention is case specific, largely depending on the tackled source of pollution, the country's institutional characteristics and infrastructure, consumer preferences and habitual behaviour, and the economy's overall sectoral composition.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/economic-instruments-and-marine-litter-control/feed/ 0 Out of sight but not out of mind: Harmful effects of derelict traps in selected U.S. coastal waters https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/out-of-sight-but-not-out-of-mind-harmful-effects-of-derelict-traps-in-selected-u-s-coastal-waters/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/out-of-sight-but-not-out-of-mind-harmful-effects-of-derelict-traps-in-selected-u-s-coastal-waters/#respond Wed, 17 Sep 2014 19:38:59 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=877 Courtney Arthur, Ariana E. Sutton-Grier, Peter Murphy, Holly Bamford, Out of sight but not out of mind: Harmful effects of derelict traps in selected U.S. coastal waters, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 86, Issues 1?2, 15 September 2014, Pages 19-28, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.050. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004305) Abstract: There is a paucity of data in the published literature on the ecological and economic impacts of derelict fishing traps (DFTs) in coastal ecosystems. We synthesized results from seven NOAA-funded trap fisheries studies around the United States and determined that DFT-caused losses to habitat and harvestable annual catch are pervasive, persistent, and largely preventable. Based on this synthesis, we identified key gaps to fill in order to better manage and prevent DFTs. We conclude with suggestions for developing a U.S. DFT management strategy including: (1) targeting studies to estimate mortality of fishery stocks, (2) assessing the economic impacts of DFTs on fisheries, (3) collaborating with the fishing industry to develop solutions to ghost fishing, and (4) examining the regional context and challenges resulting in DFTs to find effective policy solutions to manage, reduce, and prevent gear loss. Keywords: Marine debris; Derelict fishing gear; Fishery management; Marine pollution http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004305/pdf?md5=4caf63e0e86a997018c5a792583e35fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0025326X14004305-main.pdf

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]]> Courtney Arthur, Ariana E. Sutton-Grier, Peter Murphy, Holly Bamford, Out of sight but not out of mind: Harmful effects of derelict traps in selected U.S. coastal waters, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 86, Issues 1?2, 15 September 2014, Pages 19-28, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.050. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004305) Abstract: There is a paucity of data in the published literature on the ecological and economic impacts of derelict fishing traps (DFTs) in coastal ecosystems. We synthesized results from seven NOAA-funded trap fisheries studies around the United States and determined that DFT-caused losses to habitat and harvestable annual catch are pervasive, persistent, and largely preventable. Based on this synthesis, we identified key gaps to fill in order to better manage and prevent DFTs. We conclude with suggestions for developing a U.S. DFT management strategy including: (1) targeting studies to estimate mortality of fishery stocks, (2) assessing the economic impacts of DFTs on fisheries, (3) collaborating with the fishing industry to develop solutions to ghost fishing, and (4) examining the regional context and challenges resulting in DFTs to find effective policy solutions to manage, reduce, and prevent gear loss. Keywords: Marine debris; Derelict fishing gear; Fishery management; Marine pollution http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004305/pdf?md5=4caf63e0e86a997018c5a792583e35fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0025326X14004305-main.pdf

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/out-of-sight-but-not-out-of-mind-harmful-effects-of-derelict-traps-in-selected-u-s-coastal-waters/feed/ 0 Levels and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in beached plastic pellets and sediments collected from Greece https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/levels-and-fate-of-perfluoroalkyl-substances-in-beached-plastic-pellets-and-sediments-collected-from-greece/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/levels-and-fate-of-perfluoroalkyl-substances-in-beached-plastic-pellets-and-sediments-collected-from-greece/#respond Fri, 12 Sep 2014 19:47:06 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=831 Marta Llorca, Marinella Farré, Hrissi K. Karapanagioti, Damià Barceló, Levels and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in beached plastic pellets and sediments collected from Greece, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 27 August 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.036. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004792) Abstract: Plastic debris damages marine wildlife and ecosystems becoming an important source of marine pollution. In addition, they can sorb, concentrate and stabilise contaminants acting as toxic carriers to the marine food web. In this context, the presence of 18 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in plastic pellets (n = 5) and beach sediment (n = 9) samples widely distributed around Greek coastal areas was assessed. The results, mainly, showed the sorption of PFASs onto pellet surface from surrounding water with concentrations from method limit of quantification to 115 ng/kg for C5, C7, C8 and C10 carboxylic acids and C8 sulfonate acid. A similar pattern was found by comparing plastic pellets and sediment for the same sampling locations that could indicate a common origin of contamination in both types of samples. However, since the number of analysed samples is limited, a more comprehensive study with a higher number of samples should be performed in future research. Keywords: Plastic pellets; Beach sediments; Perfluoroalkyl substances

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]]> Marta Llorca, Marinella Farré, Hrissi K. Karapanagioti, Damià Barceló, Levels and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in beached plastic pellets and sediments collected from Greece, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 27 August 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.036. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004792) Abstract: Plastic debris damages marine wildlife and ecosystems becoming an important source of marine pollution. In addition, they can sorb, concentrate and stabilise contaminants acting as toxic carriers to the marine food web. In this context, the presence of 18 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in plastic pellets (n = 5) and beach sediment (n = 9) samples widely distributed around Greek coastal areas was assessed. The results, mainly, showed the sorption of PFASs onto pellet surface from surrounding water with concentrations from method limit of quantification to 115 ng/kg for C5, C7, C8 and C10 carboxylic acids and C8 sulfonate acid. A similar pattern was found by comparing plastic pellets and sediment for the same sampling locations that could indicate a common origin of contamination in both types of samples. However, since the number of analysed samples is limited, a more comprehensive study with a higher number of samples should be performed in future research. Keywords: Plastic pellets; Beach sediments; Perfluoroalkyl substances

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/levels-and-fate-of-perfluoroalkyl-substances-in-beached-plastic-pellets-and-sediments-collected-from-greece/feed/ 0 Former Indonesian paradise is now clogged with household waste and toxic chemicals dumped by textile factories https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/former-indonesian-paradise-is-now-clogged-with-household-waste-and-toxic-chemicals-dumped-by-textile-factories/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/former-indonesian-paradise-is-now-clogged-with-household-waste-and-toxic-chemicals-dumped-by-textile-factories/#respond Sat, 26 Apr 2014 20:42:26 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=533 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2601944/Indonesian-river-clogged-toxic-chemicals-dumped-textile-factories.html The river you can?t see for RUBBISH: Former Indonesian paradise is now clogged with household waste and toxic chemicals dumped by textile factories ? The Citarum in Java is now said to be the dirtiest river in the world ? More than 35million people still rely on it for drinking and washing ? Greenpeace report last year claimed one of the largest textile manufacturers on the Citarum ? PT Gistex Group ? has had a ?business relationship? with Gap, H&M and Adidas ? One fisherman's experience on river is revealed on C4 documentary Unreported World tonight By ALASDAIR GLENNIE and LAURA COX PUBLISHED: 22:11 GMT, 10 April 2014 | UPDATED: 14:13 GMT, 11 April 2014 The fisherman in the picture, called Herman, told Channel 4?s Unreported World, which airs tonight: ?I don?t catch fish any more???they?re floating on the surface???I?m sure everyone knows the result of dumping rubbish like this. There are rules, but nobody is enforcing them.?

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]]> http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2601944/Indonesian-river-clogged-toxic-chemicals-dumped-textile-factories.html The river you can?t see for RUBBISH: Former Indonesian paradise is now clogged with household waste and toxic chemicals dumped by textile factories ? The Citarum in Java is now said to be the dirtiest river in the world ? More than 35million people still rely on it for drinking and washing ? Greenpeace report last year claimed one of the largest textile manufacturers on the Citarum ? PT Gistex Group ? has had a ?business relationship? with Gap, H&M and Adidas ? One fisherman's experience on river is revealed on C4 documentary Unreported World tonight By ALASDAIR GLENNIE and LAURA COX PUBLISHED: 22:11 GMT, 10 April 2014 | UPDATED: 14:13 GMT, 11 April 2014 The fisherman in the picture, called Herman, told Channel 4?s Unreported World, which airs tonight: ?I don?t catch fish any more???they?re floating on the surface???I?m sure everyone knows the result of dumping rubbish like this. There are rules, but nobody is enforcing them.?

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/nonresearch/2014/former-indonesian-paradise-is-now-clogged-with-household-waste-and-toxic-chemicals-dumped-by-textile-factories/feed/ 0 Enhanced desorption of persistent organic pollutants from microplastics under simulated physiological conditions https://oneearth-oneocean.com/objekt-der-untersuchung-organisch-object-of-research-organic/2013/enhanced-desorption-of-persistent-organic-pollutants-from-microplastics-under-simulated-physiological-conditions/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/objekt-der-untersuchung-organisch-object-of-research-organic/2013/enhanced-desorption-of-persistent-organic-pollutants-from-microplastics-under-simulated-physiological-conditions/#respond Sun, 29 Dec 2013 11:18:19 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=137 Adil Bakir, Steven J. Rowland, Richard C. Thompson, Enhanced desorption of persistent organic pollutants from microplastics under simulated physiological conditions, Environmental Pollution, Volume 185, February 2014, Pages 16-23, ISSN 0269-7491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.007. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113005277) Abstract: Microplastics have the potential to uptake and release persistent organic pollutants (POPs); however, subsequent transfer to marine organisms is poorly understood. Some models estimating transfer of sorbed contaminants to organisms neglect the role of gut surfactants under differing physiological conditions in the gut (varying pH and temperature), examined here. We investigated the potential for polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) to sorb and desorb 14C-DDT, 14C-phenanthrene (Phe), 14C-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 14C-di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Desorption rates of POPs were quantified in seawater and under simulated gut conditions. Influence of pH and temperature was examined in order to represent cold and warm blooded organisms. Desorption rates were faster with gut surfactant, with a further substantial increase under conditions simulating warm blooded organisms. Desorption under gut conditions could be up to 30 times greater than in seawater alone. Of the POP/plastic combinations examined Phe with PE gave the highest potential for transport to organisms.

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]]> Adil Bakir, Steven J. Rowland, Richard C. Thompson, Enhanced desorption of persistent organic pollutants from microplastics under simulated physiological conditions, Environmental Pollution, Volume 185, February 2014, Pages 16-23, ISSN 0269-7491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.007. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113005277) Abstract: Microplastics have the potential to uptake and release persistent organic pollutants (POPs); however, subsequent transfer to marine organisms is poorly understood. Some models estimating transfer of sorbed contaminants to organisms neglect the role of gut surfactants under differing physiological conditions in the gut (varying pH and temperature), examined here. We investigated the potential for polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) to sorb and desorb 14C-DDT, 14C-phenanthrene (Phe), 14C-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 14C-di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Desorption rates of POPs were quantified in seawater and under simulated gut conditions. Influence of pH and temperature was examined in order to represent cold and warm blooded organisms. Desorption rates were faster with gut surfactant, with a further substantial increase under conditions simulating warm blooded organisms. Desorption under gut conditions could be up to 30 times greater than in seawater alone. Of the POP/plastic combinations examined Phe with PE gave the highest potential for transport to organisms.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/objekt-der-untersuchung-organisch-object-of-research-organic/2013/enhanced-desorption-of-persistent-organic-pollutants-from-microplastics-under-simulated-physiological-conditions/feed/ 0 Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web, Environmental Pollution https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2013/ingestion-and-transfer-of-microplastics-in-the-planktonic-food-web-environmental-pollution/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2013/ingestion-and-transfer-of-microplastics-in-the-planktonic-food-web-environmental-pollution/#respond Sun, 22 Dec 2013 19:51:54 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=120 Outi Setälä, Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web, Environmental Pollution, Volume 185, February 2014, Pages 77-83, ISSN 0269-7491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113005411) Abstract: Experiments were carried out with different Baltic Sea zooplankton taxa to scan their potential to ingest plastics. Mysid shrimps, copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, polychaete larvae and ciliates were exposed to 10 μm fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. These experiments showed ingestion of microspheres in all taxa studied. The highest percentage of individuals with ingested spheres was found in pelagic polychaete larvae, Marenzelleria spp. Experiments with the copepod Eurytemora affinis and the mysid shrimp Neomysis integer showed egestion of microspheres within 12 h. Food web transfer experiments were done by offering zooplankton labelled with ingested microspheres to mysid shrimps. Microscopy observations of mysid intestine showed the presence of zooplankton prey and microspheres after 3 h incubation. This study shows for the first time the potential of plastic microparticle transfer via planktonic organisms from one trophic level (mesozooplankton) to a higher level (macrozooplankton). The impacts of plastic transfer and possible accumulation in the food web need further investigations. Keywords: Microplastic litter; Zooplankton; Trophic transfer; Planktonic food web

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]]> Outi Setälä, Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web, Environmental Pollution, Volume 185, February 2014, Pages 77-83, ISSN 0269-7491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113005411) Abstract: Experiments were carried out with different Baltic Sea zooplankton taxa to scan their potential to ingest plastics. Mysid shrimps, copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, polychaete larvae and ciliates were exposed to 10 μm fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. These experiments showed ingestion of microspheres in all taxa studied. The highest percentage of individuals with ingested spheres was found in pelagic polychaete larvae, Marenzelleria spp. Experiments with the copepod Eurytemora affinis and the mysid shrimp Neomysis integer showed egestion of microspheres within 12 h. Food web transfer experiments were done by offering zooplankton labelled with ingested microspheres to mysid shrimps. Microscopy observations of mysid intestine showed the presence of zooplankton prey and microspheres after 3 h incubation. This study shows for the first time the potential of plastic microparticle transfer via planktonic organisms from one trophic level (mesozooplankton) to a higher level (macrozooplankton). The impacts of plastic transfer and possible accumulation in the food web need further investigations. Keywords: Microplastic litter; Zooplankton; Trophic transfer; Planktonic food web

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2013/ingestion-and-transfer-of-microplastics-in-the-planktonic-food-web-environmental-pollution/feed/ 0