{"id":32338,"date":"2013-12-22T18:37:25","date_gmt":"2013-12-22T17:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/2013\/12\/22\/analysis-of-a-beach-as-a-time-invariant-linear-inputoutput-system-of-marine-litter\/"},"modified":"2022-12-20T22:44:26","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T21:44:26","slug":"analysis-of-a-beach-as-a-time-invariant-linear-inputoutput-system-of-marine-litter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2013\/analysis-of-a-beach-as-a-time-invariant-linear-inputoutput-system-of-marine-litter\/","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of a beach as a  time-invariant linear input\/output system of marine litter"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre>Tomoya Kataoka, Hirofumi Hinata, Shigeru Kato, Analysis of a beach as a \ntime-invariant linear input\/output system of marine litter, Marine \nPollution Bulletin, Volume 77, Issues 1\u20132, 15 December 2013, Pages \n266-273, ISSN 0025-326X, <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.09.049\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.09.049<\/a>.\n(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0025326X13006000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0025326X13006000<\/a>)\nAbstract: The exponential decay of the amount of new litter on Wadahama \nBeach, Nii-jima Island, Japan revealed by 20-month mark-recapture \nexperiments demonstrates a linear response of the beach to the input of \ntarget items. Here we show the amplitude and phase characteristics of \nthe beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system and discuss the \nhydrodynamic and geomorphological factors that would determine the \ncharacteristics with the aid of a diffusion equation. The \ncharacteristics are fully determined by the residence time of the items \n(\u03c4r = 209 days) and can be described as functions of the ratio of \u03c4r to \nthe period of input variability. The decay is reproduced well by the \nanalytical solution of the equation with a constant diffusion \ncoefficient (D), whose order was estimated by \u03c4r and the backshore \nwidth. Generally, D would depend on hydrodynamical statistics and beach \ngeomorphology as well as the dimensions and density of the items.\nKeywords: Nii-jima Island; Linear system analysis; Unit impulse \nresponse; Residence time; Diffusion equation; Mark-recapture experiment<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tomoya Kataoka, Hirofumi Hinata, Shigeru Kato, Analysis of a beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system of marine litter, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 77, Issues 1\u20132, 15 December 2013, Pages 266-273, ISSN 0025-326X, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.09.049. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0025326X13006000) Abstract: The exponential decay of the amount of new litter on Wadahama Beach, Nii-jima Island, Japan revealed by 20-month mark-recapture experiments demonstrates a linear response of the beach to the input of target items. Here we show the amplitude and phase characteristics of the beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system and discuss the hydrodynamic and geomorphological factors that would determine the characteristics with the aid of a diffusion equation. The characteristics are fully determined by the residence time of the items (\u03c4r = 209 days) and can be described as functions of the ratio of \u03c4r to the period of input variability. The decay is reproduced well by the analytical solution of the equation with a constant diffusion coefficient (D), whose order was estimated by \u03c4r and the backshore width. Generally, D would depend on hydrodynamical statistics and beach geomorphology as well as the dimensions and density of the items. Keywords: Nii-jima Island; Linear system analysis; Unit impulse response; Residence time; Diffusion equation; Mark-recapture experiment<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3649,4094,3423],"tags":[1585,4095,1587,4096],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Analysis of a beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system of marine litter - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2013\/analysis-of-a-beach-as-a-time-invariant-linear-inputoutput-system-of-marine-litter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analysis of a beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system of marine litter - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tomoya Kataoka, Hirofumi Hinata, Shigeru Kato, Analysis of a beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system of marine litter, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 77, Issues 1\u20132, 15 December 2013, Pages 266-273, ISSN 0025-326X, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.09.049. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0025326X13006000) Abstract: The exponential decay of the amount of new litter on Wadahama Beach, Nii-jima Island, Japan revealed by 20-month mark-recapture experiments demonstrates a linear response of the beach to the input of target items. Here we show the amplitude and phase characteristics of the beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system and discuss the hydrodynamic and geomorphological factors that would determine the characteristics with the aid of a diffusion equation. The characteristics are fully determined by the residence time of the items (\u03c4r = 209 days) and can be described as functions of the ratio of \u03c4r to the period of input variability. The decay is reproduced well by the analytical solution of the equation with a constant diffusion coefficient (D), whose order was estimated by \u03c4r and the backshore width. Generally, D would depend on hydrodynamical statistics and beach geomorphology as well as the dimensions and density of the items. Keywords: Nii-jima Island; Linear system analysis; Unit impulse response; Residence time; Diffusion equation; Mark-recapture experiment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2013\/analysis-of-a-beach-as-a-time-invariant-linear-inputoutput-system-of-marine-litter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"One Earth - One Ocean e. 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(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0025326X13006000) Abstract: The exponential decay of the amount of new litter on Wadahama Beach, Nii-jima Island, Japan revealed by 20-month mark-recapture experiments demonstrates a linear response of the beach to the input of target items. Here we show the amplitude and phase characteristics of the beach as a time-invariant linear input\/output system and discuss the hydrodynamic and geomorphological factors that would determine the characteristics with the aid of a diffusion equation. The characteristics are fully determined by the residence time of the items (\u03c4r = 209 days) and can be described as functions of the ratio of \u03c4r to the period of input variability. The decay is reproduced well by the analytical solution of the equation with a constant diffusion coefficient (D), whose order was estimated by \u03c4r and the backshore width. 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