<\/p>\n
Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Ben De Mol, Joan B. Company, Marta Coll, Francesc \nSard\u00e0, Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the \ndistribution of marine litter in the deep Mediterranean Sea, Progress in \nOceanography, Volume 118, November 2013, Pages 273-287, ISSN 0079-6611, \nhttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pocean.2013.07.027<\/a>.\n(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0079661113001407<\/a>)\nAbstract: The distribution, type and quantity of marine litter \naccumulated on the bathyal and abyssal Mediterranean seafloor has been \nstudied in the framework of the Spanish national projects PROMETEO and \nDOS MARES and the ESF-EuroDEEP project BIOFUN. Litter was collected with \nan otter trawl and Agassiz trawl while sampling for megafauna on the \nBlanes canyon and adjacent slope (Catalan margin, north-western \nMediterranean) between 900 and 2700 m depth, and on the western, central \nand eastern Mediterranean basins at 1200, 2000 and 3000 m depth. All \nlitter was sorted into 8 categories (hard plastic, soft plastic, glass, \nmetal, clinker, fabric, longlines and fishing nets) and weighed. The \ndistribution of litter was analysed in relation to depth, geographic \narea and natural (bathymetry, currents and rivers) and anthropogenic \n(population density and shipping routes) processes. The most abundant \nlitter types were plastic, glass, metal and clinker. Lost or discarded \nfishing gear was also commonly found. On the Catalan margin, although \nthe data indicated an accumulation of litter with increasing depth, mean \nweight was not significantly different between depths or between the \nopen slope and the canyon. We propose that litter accumulated in the \ncanyon, with high proportions of plastics, has predominantly a coastal \norigin, while litter collected on the open slope, dominated by heavy \nlitter, is mostly ship-originated, especially at sites under major \nshipping routes. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, although a \nhigher amount of litter seemed to be found on the Western Mediterranean, \ndifferences of mean weight were not significant between the 3 geographic \nareas and the 3 depths. Here, the shallower sites, also closer to the \ncoast, had a higher proportion of plastics than the deeper sites, which \nhad a higher proportion of heavy litter and were often affected by \nshipping routes. The weight of litter was also compared to biomass of \nmegafauna from the same samples. On the Blanes slope, the biomass of \nmegafauna was significantly higher than the weight of litter between 900 \nand 2000 m depth and no significant differences were found at 2250 and \n2700 m depth. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, no significant \ndifferences were found between biomass and litter weight at all sites \nexcept in two sites: the Central Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where \nbiomass was higher than litter weight, and the Eastern Mediterranean at \n1200 m depth, where litter weight was higher than biomass. The results \nare discussed in the framework of knowledge on marine litter \naccumulation, its potential impact on the habitat and fauna and the \nlegislation addressing these issues.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Ben De Mol, Joan B. Company, Marta Coll, Francesc Sard\u00e0, Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the distribution of marine litter in the deep Mediterranean Sea, Progress in Oceanography, Volume 118, November 2013, Pages 273-287, ISSN 0079-6611, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pocean.2013.07.027. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0079661113001407) Abstract: The distribution, type and quantity of marine litter accumulated on the bathyal and abyssal Mediterranean seafloor has been studied in the framework of the Spanish national projects PROMETEO and DOS MARES and the ESF-EuroDEEP project BIOFUN. Litter was collected with an otter trawl and Agassiz trawl while sampling for megafauna on the Blanes canyon and adjacent slope (Catalan margin, north-western Mediterranean) between 900 and 2700 m depth, and on the western, central and eastern Mediterranean basins at 1200, 2000 and 3000 m depth. All litter was sorted into 8 categories (hard plastic, soft plastic, glass, metal, clinker, fabric, longlines and fishing nets) and weighed. The distribution of litter was analysed in relation to depth, geographic area and natural (bathymetry, currents and rivers) and anthropogenic (population density and shipping routes) processes. The most abundant litter types were plastic, glass, metal and clinker. Lost or discarded fishing gear was also commonly found. On the Catalan margin, although the data indicated an accumulation of litter with increasing depth, mean weight was not significantly different between depths or between the open slope and the canyon. We propose that litter accumulated in the canyon, with high proportions of plastics, has predominantly a coastal origin, while litter collected on the open slope, dominated by heavy litter, is mostly ship-originated, especially at sites under major shipping routes. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, although a higher amount of litter seemed to be found on the Western Mediterranean, differences of mean weight were not significant between the 3 geographic areas and the 3 depths. Here, the shallower sites, also closer to the coast, had a higher proportion of plastics than the deeper sites, which had a higher proportion of heavy litter and were often affected by shipping routes. The weight of litter was also compared to biomass of megafauna from the same samples. On the Blanes slope, the biomass of megafauna was significantly higher than the weight of litter between 900 and 2000 m depth and no significant differences were found at 2250 and 2700 m depth. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, no significant differences were found between biomass and litter weight at all sites except in two sites: the Central Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where biomass was higher than litter weight, and the Eastern Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where litter weight was higher than biomass. The results are discussed in the framework of knowledge on marine litter accumulation, its potential impact on the habitat and fauna and the legislation addressing these issues.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3649,3380,3452,3423],"tags":[1585,4067],"yoast_head":"\n
Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the distribution of marine litter in the deep Mediterranean Sea - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/allgemein-en\/2013\/effects-of-natural-and-anthropogenic-processes-in-the-distribution-of-marine-litter-in-the-deep-mediterranean-sea-progress-in-oceanography-volume-118-november-2013-pages-273-287-issn-0079-6611\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the distribution of marine litter in the deep Mediterranean Sea - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\" Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Ben De Mol, Joan B. Company, Marta Coll, Francesc Sard\u00e0, Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the distribution of marine litter in the deep Mediterranean Sea, Progress in Oceanography, Volume 118, November 2013, Pages 273-287, ISSN 0079-6611, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pocean.2013.07.027. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0079661113001407) Abstract: The distribution, type and quantity of marine litter accumulated on the bathyal and abyssal Mediterranean seafloor has been studied in the framework of the Spanish national projects PROMETEO and DOS MARES and the ESF-EuroDEEP project BIOFUN. Litter was collected with an otter trawl and Agassiz trawl while sampling for megafauna on the Blanes canyon and adjacent slope (Catalan margin, north-western Mediterranean) between 900 and 2700 m depth, and on the western, central and eastern Mediterranean basins at 1200, 2000 and 3000 m depth. All litter was sorted into 8 categories (hard plastic, soft plastic, glass, metal, clinker, fabric, longlines and fishing nets) and weighed. The distribution of litter was analysed in relation to depth, geographic area and natural (bathymetry, currents and rivers) and anthropogenic (population density and shipping routes) processes. The most abundant litter types were plastic, glass, metal and clinker. Lost or discarded fishing gear was also commonly found. On the Catalan margin, although the data indicated an accumulation of litter with increasing depth, mean weight was not significantly different between depths or between the open slope and the canyon. We propose that litter accumulated in the canyon, with high proportions of plastics, has predominantly a coastal origin, while litter collected on the open slope, dominated by heavy litter, is mostly ship-originated, especially at sites under major shipping routes. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, although a higher amount of litter seemed to be found on the Western Mediterranean, differences of mean weight were not significant between the 3 geographic areas and the 3 depths. Here, the shallower sites, also closer to the coast, had a higher proportion of plastics than the deeper sites, which had a higher proportion of heavy litter and were often affected by shipping routes. The weight of litter was also compared to biomass of megafauna from the same samples. On the Blanes slope, the biomass of megafauna was significantly higher than the weight of litter between 900 and 2000 m depth and no significant differences were found at 2250 and 2700 m depth. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, no significant differences were found between biomass and litter weight at all sites except in two sites: the Central Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where biomass was higher than litter weight, and the Eastern Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where litter weight was higher than biomass. The results are discussed in the framework of knowledge on marine litter accumulation, its potential impact on the habitat and fauna and the legislation addressing these issues.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/allgemein-en\/2013\/effects-of-natural-and-anthropogenic-processes-in-the-distribution-of-marine-litter-in-the-deep-mediterranean-sea-progress-in-oceanography-volume-118-november-2013-pages-273-287-issn-0079-6611\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"One Earth - One Ocean e. 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(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0079661113001407) Abstract: The distribution, type and quantity of marine litter accumulated on the bathyal and abyssal Mediterranean seafloor has been studied in the framework of the Spanish national projects PROMETEO and DOS MARES and the ESF-EuroDEEP project BIOFUN. Litter was collected with an otter trawl and Agassiz trawl while sampling for megafauna on the Blanes canyon and adjacent slope (Catalan margin, north-western Mediterranean) between 900 and 2700 m depth, and on the western, central and eastern Mediterranean basins at 1200, 2000 and 3000 m depth. All litter was sorted into 8 categories (hard plastic, soft plastic, glass, metal, clinker, fabric, longlines and fishing nets) and weighed. The distribution of litter was analysed in relation to depth, geographic area and natural (bathymetry, currents and rivers) and anthropogenic (population density and shipping routes) processes. The most abundant litter types were plastic, glass, metal and clinker. Lost or discarded fishing gear was also commonly found. On the Catalan margin, although the data indicated an accumulation of litter with increasing depth, mean weight was not significantly different between depths or between the open slope and the canyon. We propose that litter accumulated in the canyon, with high proportions of plastics, has predominantly a coastal origin, while litter collected on the open slope, dominated by heavy litter, is mostly ship-originated, especially at sites under major shipping routes. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, although a higher amount of litter seemed to be found on the Western Mediterranean, differences of mean weight were not significant between the 3 geographic areas and the 3 depths. Here, the shallower sites, also closer to the coast, had a higher proportion of plastics than the deeper sites, which had a higher proportion of heavy litter and were often affected by shipping routes. The weight of litter was also compared to biomass of megafauna from the same samples. On the Blanes slope, the biomass of megafauna was significantly higher than the weight of litter between 900 and 2000 m depth and no significant differences were found at 2250 and 2700 m depth. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, no significant differences were found between biomass and litter weight at all sites except in two sites: the Central Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where biomass was higher than litter weight, and the Eastern Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where litter weight was higher than biomass. 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