{"id":31506,"date":"2014-07-09T21:47:59","date_gmt":"2014-07-09T19:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/2014\/07\/09\/a-new-pelagic-habitat-for-microorganisms-and-invertebrates\/"},"modified":"2014-07-09T21:47:59","modified_gmt":"2014-07-09T19:47:59","slug":"a-new-pelagic-habitat-for-microorganisms-and-invertebrates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2014\/a-new-pelagic-habitat-for-microorganisms-and-invertebrates\/","title":{"rendered":"A New Pelagic Habitat for Microorganisms and Invertebrates."},"content":{"rendered":"<pre><a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289<\/a>\n\nReisser J, Shaw J, Hallegraeff G, Proietti M, Barnes DKA, et al. (2014)\nMillimeter-Sized Marine Plastics: A New Pelagic Habitat for\nMicroorganisms and Invertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100289.\ndoi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0100289\n\nAbstract\n\nMillimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters,\nand known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in\nthe fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we\nused scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of\norganisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range =\n1.7?24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic,\ntropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse\ngroup of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded\n?epiplastic? coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas\nspp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm,\nmarine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and\nspiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and\nfungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface\nmicrotextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of\nmicroorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in\nplastic degradation. This study highlights how anthropogenic\nmillimeter-sized polymers have created a new pelagic habitat for\nmicroorganisms and invertebrates. The ecological ramifications of this\nphenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and\nbiotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated.\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289&amp;representation=PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289&amp;representation=PDF<\/a><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289 Reisser J, Shaw J, Hallegraeff G, Proietti M, Barnes DKA, et al. (2014) Millimeter-Sized Marine Plastics: A New Pelagic Habitat for Microorganisms and Invertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100289. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0100289 Abstract Millimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters, and known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in the fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7?24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded ?epiplastic? coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. This study highlights how anthropogenic millimeter-sized polymers have created a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. The ecological ramifications of this phenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and biotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated. http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289&amp;representation=PDF<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3504,3588,3570,3423],"tags":[1585,1587,3535],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A New Pelagic Habitat for Microorganisms and Invertebrates. - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2014\/a-new-pelagic-habitat-for-microorganisms-and-invertebrates\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A New Pelagic Habitat for Microorganisms and Invertebrates. - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289 Reisser J, Shaw J, Hallegraeff G, Proietti M, Barnes DKA, et al. (2014) Millimeter-Sized Marine Plastics: A New Pelagic Habitat for Microorganisms and Invertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100289. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0100289 Abstract Millimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters, and known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in the fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7?24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded ?epiplastic? coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. This study highlights how anthropogenic millimeter-sized polymers have created a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. The ecological ramifications of this phenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and biotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated. http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100289&amp;representation=PDF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2014\/a-new-pelagic-habitat-for-microorganisms-and-invertebrates\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"One Earth - One Ocean e. 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In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7?24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded ?epiplastic? coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. 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