{"id":30413,"date":"2016-04-03T12:16:53","date_gmt":"2016-04-03T10:16:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/2016\/04\/03\/biofouling-on-buoyant-marine-plastics-an-experimental-study-into-the-effect-of-size-on-surface-longevity\/"},"modified":"2016-04-03T12:16:53","modified_gmt":"2016-04-03T10:16:53","slug":"biofouling-on-buoyant-marine-plastics-an-experimental-study-into-the-effect-of-size-on-surface-longevity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2016\/biofouling-on-buoyant-marine-plastics-an-experimental-study-into-the-effect-of-size-on-surface-longevity\/","title":{"rendered":"Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics: An experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity"},"content":{"rendered":"
Francesca M.C. Fazey, Peter G. Ryan, Biofouling on buoyant marine\nplastics: An experimental study into the effect of size on surface\nlongevity, Environmental Pollution, Volume 210, March 2016, Pages\n354-360, ISSN 0269-7491, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.026<\/a>.\n(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749116300264<\/a>)\nAbstract: Recent estimates suggest that roughly 100 times more plastic\nlitter enters the sea than is found floating at the sea surface, despite\nthe buoyancy and durability of many plastic polymers. Biofouling by\nmarine biota is one possible mechanism responsible for this discrepancy.\nMicroplastics (<5 mm in diameter) are more scarce than larger size\nclasses, which makes sense because fouling is a function of surface area\nwhereas buoyancy is a function of volume; the smaller an object, the\ngreater its relative surface area. We tested whether plastic items with\nhigh surface area to volume ratios sank more rapidly by submerging 15\ndifferent sizes of polyethylene samples in False Bay, South Africa, for\n12 weeks to determine the time required for samples to sink. All samples\nbecame sufficiently fouled to sink within the study period, but small\nsamples lost buoyancy much faster than larger ones. There was a direct\nrelationship between sample volume (buoyancy) and the time to attain a\n50% probability of sinking, which ranged from 17 to 66 days of exposure.\nOur results provide the first estimates of the longevity of different\nsizes of plastic debris at the ocean surface. Further research is\nrequired to determine how fouling rates differ on free floating debris\nin different regions and in different types of marine environments. Such\nestimates could be used to improve model predictions of the distribution\nand abundance of floating plastic debris globally.\nKeywords: Marine plastic debris; Buoyancy; Biofouling; Fragment size;\nMicroplastics<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Francesca M.C. Fazey, Peter G. Ryan, Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics: An experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity, Environmental Pollution, Volume 210, March 2016, Pages 354-360, ISSN 0269-7491, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.026. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749116300264) Abstract: Recent estimates suggest that roughly 100 times more plastic litter enters the sea than is found floating at the sea surface, despite the buoyancy and durability of many plastic polymers. Biofouling by marine biota is one possible mechanism responsible for this discrepancy. Microplastics (<5 mm in diameter) are more scarce than larger size classes, which makes sense because fouling is a function of surface area whereas buoyancy is a function of volume; the smaller an object, the greater its relative surface area. We tested whether plastic items with high surface area to volume ratios sank more rapidly by submerging 15 different sizes of polyethylene samples in False Bay, South Africa, for 12 weeks to determine the time required for samples to sink. All samples became sufficiently fouled to sink within the study period, but small samples lost buoyancy much faster than larger ones. There was a direct relationship between sample volume (buoyancy) and the time to attain a 50% probability of sinking, which ranged from 17 to 66 days of exposure. Our results provide the first estimates of the longevity of different sizes of plastic debris at the ocean surface. Further research is required to determine how fouling rates differ on free floating debris in different regions and in different types of marine environments. Such estimates could be used to improve model predictions of the distribution and abundance of floating plastic debris globally. Keywords: Marine plastic debris; Buoyancy; Biofouling; Fragment size; Microplastics<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3484,3458,3423,3508],"tags":[1445],"yoast_head":"\nBiofouling on buoyant marine plastics: An experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2016\/biofouling-on-buoyant-marine-plastics-an-experimental-study-into-the-effect-of-size-on-surface-longevity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics: An experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Francesca M.C. Fazey, Peter G. Ryan, Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics: An experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity, Environmental Pollution, Volume 210, March 2016, Pages 354-360, ISSN 0269-7491, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.026. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749116300264) Abstract: Recent estimates suggest that roughly 100 times more plastic litter enters the sea than is found floating at the sea surface, despite the buoyancy and durability of many plastic polymers. Biofouling by marine biota is one possible mechanism responsible for this discrepancy. Microplastics (<5 mm in diameter) are more scarce than larger size classes, which makes sense because fouling is a function of surface area whereas buoyancy is a function of volume; the smaller an object, the greater its relative surface area. We tested whether plastic items with high surface area to volume ratios sank more rapidly by submerging 15 different sizes of polyethylene samples in False Bay, South Africa, for 12 weeks to determine the time required for samples to sink. All samples became sufficiently fouled to sink within the study period, but small samples lost buoyancy much faster than larger ones. There was a direct relationship between sample volume (buoyancy) and the time to attain a 50% probability of sinking, which ranged from 17 to 66 days of exposure. Our results provide the first estimates of the longevity of different sizes of plastic debris at the ocean surface. Further research is required to determine how fouling rates differ on free floating debris in different regions and in different types of marine environments. Such estimates could be used to improve model predictions of the distribution and abundance of floating plastic debris globally. Keywords: Marine plastic debris; Buoyancy; Biofouling; Fragment size; Microplastics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/research-en\/2016\/biofouling-on-buoyant-marine-plastics-an-experimental-study-into-the-effect-of-size-on-surface-longevity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"One Earth - One Ocean e. 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(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749116300264) Abstract: Recent estimates suggest that roughly 100 times more plastic litter enters the sea than is found floating at the sea surface, despite the buoyancy and durability of many plastic polymers. Biofouling by marine biota is one possible mechanism responsible for this discrepancy. Microplastics (<5 mm in diameter) are more scarce than larger size classes, which makes sense because fouling is a function of surface area whereas buoyancy is a function of volume; the smaller an object, the greater its relative surface area. We tested whether plastic items with high surface area to volume ratios sank more rapidly by submerging 15 different sizes of polyethylene samples in False Bay, South Africa, for 12 weeks to determine the time required for samples to sink. All samples became sufficiently fouled to sink within the study period, but small samples lost buoyancy much faster than larger ones. 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