{"id":28436,"date":"2020-11-05T12:01:49","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T11:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/2020\/11\/05\/investigating-microplastic-trophic-transfer-in-marine-top-predators-2\/"},"modified":"2023-07-05T07:58:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T05:58:32","slug":"investigating-microplastic-trophic-transfer-in-marine-top-predators-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2020\/investigating-microplastic-trophic-transfer-in-marine-top-predators-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sarah E. Nelms, Tamara S. Galloway, Brendan J. Godley, Dan S. Jarvis, Penelope K. Lindeque,<\/p>\n<p>Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators,<br \/>\nEnvironmental Pollution, 2018, ISSN 0269-7491,<\/p>\n<p>Abstract:<\/p>\n<p>Microplastics are highly bioavailable to marine organisms, either through direct ingestion, or indirectly by trophic transfer from<br \/>\ncontaminated prey. The latter has been observed for low-trophic level organisms in laboratory conditions, yet empirical evidence in high<br \/>\ntrophic-level taxa is lacking. In natura studies face difficulties when dealing with contamination and differentiating between directly and<br \/>\nindirectly ingested microplastics. The ethical constraints of subjecting large organisms, such as marine mammals, to laboratory investigations hinder the resolution of these limitations. Here, these issues were resolved by analysing sub-samples of scat from captive grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and whole digestive tracts of the wild-caught Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) they are fed upon. An enzymatic digestion protocol was employed to remove excess organic material and facilitate visual detection of synthetic particles without damaging them.<br \/>\nPolymer type was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extensive contamination control measures were implemented throughout. Approximately half of scat subsamples (48%; n\u202f=\u202f15) and a third of fish (32%; n\u202f=\u202f10) contained 1\u20134 microplastics. Particles were mainly black, clear, red and blue in colour. Mean lengths were 1.5\u202fmm and 2\u202fmm in scats and fish respectively. Ethylene propylene was the most frequently detected polymer type in both. Our findings suggest trophic transfer represents an indirect, yet potentially major, pathway of microplastic ingestion for any species whose feeding ecology involves the consumption of whole prey, including humans.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117343294\/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&amp;pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117343294\/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&amp;pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces\">https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces<\/a><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.02.016.(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117343294)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sarah E. Nelms, Tamara S. Galloway, Brendan J. Godley, Dan S. Jarvis, Penelope K. Lindeque, Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators, Environmental Pollution, 2018, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: Microplastics are highly bioavailable to marine organisms, either through direct ingestion, or indirectly by trophic transfer from contaminated prey. The latter has been observed for low-trophic level organisms in laboratory conditions, yet empirical evidence in high trophic-level taxa is lacking. In natura studies face difficulties when dealing with contamination and differentiating between directly and indirectly ingested microplastics. The ethical constraints of subjecting large organisms, such as marine mammals, to laboratory investigations hinder the resolution of these limitations. Here, these issues were resolved by analysing sub-samples of scat from captive grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and whole digestive tracts of the wild-caught Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) they are fed upon. An enzymatic digestion protocol was employed to remove excess organic material and facilitate visual detection of synthetic particles without damaging them. Polymer type was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extensive contamination control measures were implemented throughout. Approximately half of scat subsamples (48%; n\u202f=\u202f15) and a third of fish (32%; n\u202f=\u202f10) contained 1\u20134 microplastics. Particles were mainly black, clear, red and blue in colour. Mean lengths were 1.5\u202fmm and 2\u202fmm in scats and fish respectively. Ethylene propylene was the most frequently detected polymer type in both. Our findings suggest trophic transfer represents an indirect, yet potentially major, pathway of microplastic ingestion for any species whose feeding ecology involves the consumption of whole prey, including humans. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117343294\/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&amp;pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.02.016.(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117343294)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2222],"tags":[2936,1445,2314,2974,2410],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2020\/investigating-microplastic-trophic-transfer-in-marine-top-predators-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sarah E. Nelms, Tamara S. Galloway, Brendan J. Godley, Dan S. Jarvis, Penelope K. Lindeque, Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators, Environmental Pollution, 2018, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: Microplastics are highly bioavailable to marine organisms, either through direct ingestion, or indirectly by trophic transfer from contaminated prey. The latter has been observed for low-trophic level organisms in laboratory conditions, yet empirical evidence in high trophic-level taxa is lacking. In natura studies face difficulties when dealing with contamination and differentiating between directly and indirectly ingested microplastics. The ethical constraints of subjecting large organisms, such as marine mammals, to laboratory investigations hinder the resolution of these limitations. Here, these issues were resolved by analysing sub-samples of scat from captive grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and whole digestive tracts of the wild-caught Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) they are fed upon. An enzymatic digestion protocol was employed to remove excess organic material and facilitate visual detection of synthetic particles without damaging them. Polymer type was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extensive contamination control measures were implemented throughout. Approximately half of scat subsamples (48%; n\u202f=\u202f15) and a third of fish (32%; n\u202f=\u202f10) contained 1\u20134 microplastics. Particles were mainly black, clear, red and blue in colour. Mean lengths were 1.5\u202fmm and 2\u202fmm in scats and fish respectively. Ethylene propylene was the most frequently detected polymer type in both. Our findings suggest trophic transfer represents an indirect, yet potentially major, pathway of microplastic ingestion for any species whose feeding ecology involves the consumption of whole prey, including humans. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117343294\/pdfft?md5=d32001ca555605d234108050d52b4f0d&amp;pid=1-s2.0-S0269749117343294-main.pdf https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1vD0N5JAGw_ehwsWTR-OBq_MQRRFGzces https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.02.016.(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117343294)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2020\/investigating-microplastic-trophic-transfer-in-marine-top-predators-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"One Earth - One Ocean e. 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