{"id":28134,"date":"2021-03-16T13:54:49","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T12:54:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/2021\/03\/16\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/"},"modified":"2023-07-05T07:56:22","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T05:56:22","slug":"evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics"},"content":{"rendered":"

Francesca De Falco, Maria Pia Gullo, Gennaro Gentile, Emilia Di Pace, Mariacristina Cocca, Laura Gelabert, Marolda Brouta-Agn\u00e9sa, Angels Rovira, Rosa Escudero, Raquel Villalba, Raffaella Mossotti,
\nAlessio Montarsolo, Sara Gavignano, Claudio Tonin, Maurizio Avella,<\/p>\n

Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics,<\/p>\n

Environmental Pollution, Volume 236, 2018, Pages 916-925, ISSN 0269-7491,<\/p>\n

Abstract:
\nA new and more alarming source of marine contamination has been recently identified in micro and nanosized plastic fragments.
\nMicroplastics are difficult to see with the naked eye and to biodegrade in marine environment, representing a problem since they can be ingested by plankton or other marine organisms, potentially entering the food
\nweb. An important source of microplastics appears to be through sewage contaminated by synthetic fibres from washing clothes.
\nSince this phenomenon still lacks of a comprehensive analysis, the objective of this contribution was to investigate the role of washing processes of synthetic textiles on microplastic release. In particular, an analytical protocol was set up, based on the filtration of the washing water of synthetic fabrics and on the analysis of the filters by scanning
\nelectron microscopy.
\nThe quantification of the microfibre shedding from three different synthetic fabric types, woven polyester, knitted
\npolyester, and woven polypropylene, during washing trials simulating domestic conditions, was achieved and statistically analysed. The highest release of microplastics was recorded for the wash of woven polyester and this phenomenon was correlated to the fabric characteristics. Moreover, the extent of microfibre release from woven
\npolyester fabrics due to different detergents, washing parameters and industrial washes was evaluated.
\nThe number of microfibres released from a typical 5\u00a0kg wash load of polyester fabrics was estimated to be over
\n6,000,000 depending on the type of detergent used. The usage of a softener during washes reduces the number of microfibres released of more than 35%. The amount and size of the released microfibres confirm that they could not be totally retained by wastewater treatments plants, and potentially affect the aquatic environment.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1Ltox1AjfYJ5GA3vx0yPH3F4jSR9Kl1EP<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.057<\/a>.<\/p>\n

(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117309387)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francesca De Falco, Maria Pia Gullo, Gennaro Gentile, Emilia Di Pace, Mariacristina Cocca, Laura Gelabert, Marolda Brouta-Agn\u00e9sa, Angels Rovira, Rosa Escudero, Raquel Villalba, Raffaella Mossotti, Alessio Montarsolo, Sara Gavignano, Claudio Tonin, Maurizio Avella, Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics, Environmental Pollution, Volume 236, 2018, Pages 916-925, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: A new and more alarming source of marine contamination has been recently identified in micro and nanosized plastic fragments. Microplastics are difficult to see with the naked eye and to biodegrade in marine environment, representing a problem since they can be ingested by plankton or other marine organisms, potentially entering the food web. An important source of microplastics appears to be through sewage contaminated by synthetic fibres from washing clothes. Since this phenomenon still lacks of a comprehensive analysis, the objective of this contribution was to investigate the role of washing processes of synthetic textiles on microplastic release. In particular, an analytical protocol was set up, based on the filtration of the washing water of synthetic fabrics and on the analysis of the filters by scanning electron microscopy. The quantification of the microfibre shedding from three different synthetic fabric types, woven polyester, knitted polyester, and woven polypropylene, during washing trials simulating domestic conditions, was achieved and statistically analysed. The highest release of microplastics was recorded for the wash of woven polyester and this phenomenon was correlated to the fabric characteristics. Moreover, the extent of microfibre release from woven polyester fabrics due to different detergents, washing parameters and industrial washes was evaluated. The number of microfibres released from a typical 5\u00a0kg wash load of polyester fabrics was estimated to be over 6,000,000 depending on the type of detergent used. The usage of a softener during washes reduces the number of microfibres released of more than 35%. The amount and size of the released microfibres confirm that they could not be totally retained by wastewater treatments plants, and potentially affect the aquatic environment. https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1Ltox1AjfYJ5GA3vx0yPH3F4jSR9Kl1EP https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.057. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117309387)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2222],"tags":[2390,1445,2391,2392],"yoast_head":"\nEvaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Francesca De Falco, Maria Pia Gullo, Gennaro Gentile, Emilia Di Pace, Mariacristina Cocca, Laura Gelabert, Marolda Brouta-Agn\u00e9sa, Angels Rovira, Rosa Escudero, Raquel Villalba, Raffaella Mossotti, Alessio Montarsolo, Sara Gavignano, Claudio Tonin, Maurizio Avella, Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics, Environmental Pollution, Volume 236, 2018, Pages 916-925, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: A new and more alarming source of marine contamination has been recently identified in micro and nanosized plastic fragments. Microplastics are difficult to see with the naked eye and to biodegrade in marine environment, representing a problem since they can be ingested by plankton or other marine organisms, potentially entering the food web. An important source of microplastics appears to be through sewage contaminated by synthetic fibres from washing clothes. Since this phenomenon still lacks of a comprehensive analysis, the objective of this contribution was to investigate the role of washing processes of synthetic textiles on microplastic release. In particular, an analytical protocol was set up, based on the filtration of the washing water of synthetic fabrics and on the analysis of the filters by scanning electron microscopy. The quantification of the microfibre shedding from three different synthetic fabric types, woven polyester, knitted polyester, and woven polypropylene, during washing trials simulating domestic conditions, was achieved and statistically analysed. The highest release of microplastics was recorded for the wash of woven polyester and this phenomenon was correlated to the fabric characteristics. Moreover, the extent of microfibre release from woven polyester fabrics due to different detergents, washing parameters and industrial washes was evaluated. The number of microfibres released from a typical 5\u00a0kg wash load of polyester fabrics was estimated to be over 6,000,000 depending on the type of detergent used. The usage of a softener during washes reduces the number of microfibres released of more than 35%. The amount and size of the released microfibres confirm that they could not be totally retained by wastewater treatments plants, and potentially affect the aquatic environment. https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1Ltox1AjfYJ5GA3vx0yPH3F4jSR9Kl1EP https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.057. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117309387)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oeoo.world\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-16T12:54:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-05T05:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Birgit Westermayr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Birgit Westermayr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Birgit Westermayr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7b9d472c28f89d0a9a117216bc1b1bda\"},\"headline\":\"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-16T12:54:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-05T05:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/\"},\"wordCount\":363,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"counting method\",\"Microplastic\",\"synthetic fabric\",\"textile washing\"],\"articleSection\":[\"INTERNATIONAL MARINE LITTER DATABASE\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/\",\"name\":\"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-16T12:54:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-05T05:56:22+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\",\"description\":\"Eine weitere WordPress-Website\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/logo_2020.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/logo_2020.png\",\"width\":216,\"height\":60,\"caption\":\"One Earth - One Ocean e. V.\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oeoo.world\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/oneearthoneocean\/\",\"https:\/\/de.linkedin.com\/company\/one-earth-one-ocean\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7b9d472c28f89d0a9a117216bc1b1bda\",\"name\":\"Birgit Westermayr\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58fa5bc4a5c3365f2279fb9abbb7228f?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58fa5bc4a5c3365f2279fb9abbb7228f?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Birgit Westermayr\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/author\/birgit\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.","og_description":"Francesca De Falco, Maria Pia Gullo, Gennaro Gentile, Emilia Di Pace, Mariacristina Cocca, Laura Gelabert, Marolda Brouta-Agn\u00e9sa, Angels Rovira, Rosa Escudero, Raquel Villalba, Raffaella Mossotti, Alessio Montarsolo, Sara Gavignano, Claudio Tonin, Maurizio Avella, Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics, Environmental Pollution, Volume 236, 2018, Pages 916-925, ISSN 0269-7491, Abstract: A new and more alarming source of marine contamination has been recently identified in micro and nanosized plastic fragments. Microplastics are difficult to see with the naked eye and to biodegrade in marine environment, representing a problem since they can be ingested by plankton or other marine organisms, potentially entering the food web. An important source of microplastics appears to be through sewage contaminated by synthetic fibres from washing clothes. Since this phenomenon still lacks of a comprehensive analysis, the objective of this contribution was to investigate the role of washing processes of synthetic textiles on microplastic release. In particular, an analytical protocol was set up, based on the filtration of the washing water of synthetic fabrics and on the analysis of the filters by scanning electron microscopy. The quantification of the microfibre shedding from three different synthetic fabric types, woven polyester, knitted polyester, and woven polypropylene, during washing trials simulating domestic conditions, was achieved and statistically analysed. The highest release of microplastics was recorded for the wash of woven polyester and this phenomenon was correlated to the fabric characteristics. Moreover, the extent of microfibre release from woven polyester fabrics due to different detergents, washing parameters and industrial washes was evaluated. The number of microfibres released from a typical 5\u00a0kg wash load of polyester fabrics was estimated to be over 6,000,000 depending on the type of detergent used. The usage of a softener during washes reduces the number of microfibres released of more than 35%. The amount and size of the released microfibres confirm that they could not be totally retained by wastewater treatments plants, and potentially affect the aquatic environment. https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1Ltox1AjfYJ5GA3vx0yPH3F4jSR9Kl1EP https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.057. (http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749117309387)","og_url":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/","og_site_name":"One Earth - One Ocean e. V.","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oeoo.world\/","article_published_time":"2021-03-16T12:54:49+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-07-05T05:56:22+00:00","author":"Birgit Westermayr","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Birgit Westermayr","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/"},"author":{"name":"Birgit Westermayr","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7b9d472c28f89d0a9a117216bc1b1bda"},"headline":"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics","datePublished":"2021-03-16T12:54:49+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-05T05:56:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/"},"wordCount":363,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#organization"},"keywords":["counting method","Microplastic","synthetic fabric","textile washing"],"articleSection":["INTERNATIONAL MARINE LITTER DATABASE"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/","url":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/","name":"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics - One Earth - One Ocean e. V.","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-03-16T12:54:49+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-05T05:56:22+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/international-marine-litter-database-en-en\/2021\/evaluation-of-microplastic-release-caused-by-textile-washing-processes-of-synthetic-fabrics\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/","name":"One Earth - One Ocean e. V.","description":"Eine weitere WordPress-Website","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#organization","name":"One Earth - One Ocean e. V.","url":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/logo_2020.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/logo_2020.png","width":216,"height":60,"caption":"One Earth - One Ocean e. V."},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oeoo.world\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/oneearthoneocean\/","https:\/\/de.linkedin.com\/company\/one-earth-one-ocean"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7b9d472c28f89d0a9a117216bc1b1bda","name":"Birgit Westermayr","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58fa5bc4a5c3365f2279fb9abbb7228f?s=96&d=retro&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58fa5bc4a5c3365f2279fb9abbb7228f?s=96&d=retro&r=g","caption":"Birgit Westermayr"},"url":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/author\/birgit\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28134"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28134"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28138,"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28134\/revisions\/28138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneearth-oneocean.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}