Degradation Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/tag/degradation-en/ Eine weitere WordPress-Website Wed, 05 Jul 2023 05:57:22 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg Degradation Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/tag/degradation-en/ 32 32 Observation of the degradation of three types of plastic pellets exposed to UV irradiation in three different environments https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/international-marine-litter-database-en-en/2021/observation-of-the-degradation-of-three-types-of-plastic-pellets-exposed-to-uv-irradiation-in-three-different-environments/ Wed, 20 Jan 2021 18:10:52 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2021/01/20/observation-of-the-degradation-of-three-types-of-plastic-pellets-exposed-to-uv-irradiation-in-three-different-environments/ Liqi Cai, Jundong Wang, Jinping Peng, Ziqing Wu, Xiangling Tan, Observation of the degradation of three types of plastic pellets exposed to UV irradiation in three different environments, Science of The Total Environment, Volumes 628–629, 2018, Pages 740-747, ISSN 0048-9697, Abstract: Plastic debris represents one of the most prevalent and persistent pollution problems in the marine environment. In particular, microplastics that are mainly degraded from larger plastic debris have become a growing environmental concern. However, studies on the degradation of plastics in the aquatic environment that hydrobios reside in have been limited, while several studies regarding the degradation of plastics have been conducted under outdoor or accelerated weathering conditions. Thus, observation of the degradation of three types of virgin plastic pellets exposed to UV irradiation in three different environments (i.e., simulated seawater, ultrapure water, and a waterless (air) condition) was carried out. Data on the changes in physical and chemical properties were collected. The FTIR spectra showed that hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups developed in three types of weathered plastic pellets under the air and ultrapure water environmental conditions after 3months of UV irradiation, while only carbonyl groups were found in plastic pellets in the simulated seawater environment. In contrast, the Raman spectra showed no significant changes in the weathered plastic pellets, but there were different intensities of characteristic peaks after exposure to UV irradiation. In addition, SEM images illustrated that granular oxidation, cracks and flakes were common patterns during degradation, and the plastic pellets in the three different environments experienced different levels of chemical weathering. We suggest that further studies on the degradation processes of plastic debris are needed to predict the fate of plastic debris in the environment. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1R_1KbQbM1BtQYVFF8-_BFq_0qpdIJodT https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.079.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718304698)

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]]> Liqi Cai, Jundong Wang, Jinping Peng, Ziqing Wu, Xiangling Tan,

Observation of the degradation of three types of plastic pellets exposed to UV irradiation in three different environments,

Science of The Total Environment,
Volumes 628–629,
2018,
Pages 740-747,
ISSN 0048-9697,

Abstract:

Plastic debris represents one of the most prevalent and persistent pollution problems in the marine environment. In particular, microplastics that are mainly degraded from larger plastic debris have become a growing environmental concern.

However, studies on the degradation of plastics in the aquatic environment that hydrobios reside in have been limited, while several studies regarding the degradation of plastics have been conducted under outdoor or accelerated weathering conditions.
Thus, observation of the degradation of three types of virgin plastic pellets exposed to UV irradiation in three different environments (i.e., simulated seawater, ultrapure water, and a waterless (air) condition) was carried out. Data on the changes in physical and chemical properties were collected. The FTIR spectra showed that hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups developed in three types of weathered plastic pellets under the air and ultrapure water
environmental conditions after 3months of UV irradiation, while only carbonyl groups were found in plastic pellets in the simulated seawater environment.
In contrast, the Raman spectra showed no significant changes in the weathered plastic pellets, but there were different intensities of characteristic peaks after exposure to UV irradiation. In addition, SEM images illustrated that granular oxidation, cracks and flakes were common patterns during degradation, and the plastic pellets
in the three different environments experienced different levels of chemical weathering. We suggest that further studies on the degradation processes of plastic debris are needed to predict the fate of plastic debris in the environment.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1R_1KbQbM1BtQYVFF8-_BFq_0qpdIJodT
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.079.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718304698)

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]]> Accelerated ageing of polylactide in aqueous environments: Comparative study between distilled water and seawater, Polymer Degradation and Stability https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater-polymer-degradation-and-stability/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater-polymer-degradation-and-stability/#respond Fri, 21 Mar 2014 14:35:29 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/21/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater-polymer-degradation-and-stability/ Morgan Deroiné, Antoine Le Duigou, Yves-Marie Corre, Pierre-Yves Le Gac, Peter Davies, Guy César, Stéphane Bruzaud, Accelerated ageing of polylactide in aqueous environments: Comparative study between distilled water and seawater, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Available online 23 January 2014, ISSN 0141-3910, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391014000226) Abstract: Pollution of nature by plastics is a major environmental problem and the challenge for the future is to manage the lifetime of polymers better. The aim of this study is to establish a baseline on degradation mechanism and degradation kinetics for lifetime prediction of polylactide (PLA) in a marine environment. The ageing of PLA was accelerated by raising temperature in distilled water, filtered and renewed seawater and natural seawater. Samples were immersed in distilled water for six months at different temperatures (25, 30, 40 and 50 °C) in order to evaluate the influence of temperature on PLA degradation kinetics and to predict lifetime. Then, samples were immersed in seawater both in the laboratory and at sea, in order to compare the effects of environment, marine organisms and salt, on degradation. The different degradation steps were followed by gravimetry, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In distilled water, accelerated ageing of PLA is complex with deviation from Fickian behaviour at higher temperature. Moreover, immersion in distilled water induces morphological changes, in particular holes, which are absent in seawater at 40 °C for the same immersion time. Indeed, seawater has little impact on the diffusion kinetics but affects M∞ values, which are slightly lower compared to the distilled water uptake. Keywords: PLA; Accelerated ageing; Hydrothermal ageing; Degradation

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]]> Morgan Deroiné, Antoine Le Duigou, Yves-Marie Corre, Pierre-Yves Le Gac, Peter Davies, Guy César, Stéphane Bruzaud, Accelerated ageing of polylactide in aqueous environments: Comparative study between distilled water and seawater, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Available online 23 January 2014, ISSN 0141-3910, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391014000226) Abstract: Pollution of nature by plastics is a major environmental problem and the challenge for the future is to manage the lifetime of polymers better. The aim of this study is to establish a baseline on degradation mechanism and degradation kinetics for lifetime prediction of polylactide (PLA) in a marine environment. The ageing of PLA was accelerated by raising temperature in distilled water, filtered and renewed seawater and natural seawater. Samples were immersed in distilled water for six months at different temperatures (25, 30, 40 and 50 °C) in order to evaluate the influence of temperature on PLA degradation kinetics and to predict lifetime. Then, samples were immersed in seawater both in the laboratory and at sea, in order to compare the effects of environment, marine organisms and salt, on degradation. The different degradation steps were followed by gravimetry, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In distilled water, accelerated ageing of PLA is complex with deviation from Fickian behaviour at higher temperature. Moreover, immersion in distilled water induces morphological changes, in particular holes, which are absent in seawater at 40 °C for the same immersion time. Indeed, seawater has little impact on the diffusion kinetics but affects M∞ values, which are slightly lower compared to the distilled water uptake. Keywords: PLA; Accelerated ageing; Hydrothermal ageing; Degradation

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater-polymer-degradation-and-stability/feed/ 0 Accelerated ageing of polylactide in aqueous environments: Comparative study between distilled water and seawater https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater/#respond Sun, 09 Mar 2014 22:10:46 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/10/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater/ Morgan Deroiné, Antoine Le Duigou, Yves-Marie Corre, Pierre-Yves Le Gac, Peter Davies, Guy César, Stéphane Bruzaud, Accelerated ageing of polylactide in aqueous environments: Comparative study between distilled water and seawater, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Available online 23 January 2014, ISSN 0141-3910, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391014000226) Abstract: Pollution of nature by plastics is a major environmental problem and the challenge for the future is to manage the lifetime of polymers better. The aim of this study is to establish a baseline on degradation mechanism and degradation kinetics for lifetime prediction of polylactide (PLA) in a marine environment. The ageing of PLA was accelerated by raising temperature in distilled water, filtered and renewed seawater and natural seawater. Samples were immersed in distilled water for six months at different temperatures (25, 30, 40 and 50°C) in order to evaluate the influence of temperature on PLA degradation kinetics and to predict lifetime. Then, samples were immersed in seawater both in the laboratory and at sea, in order to compare the effects of environment, marine organisms and salt, on degradation. The different degradation steps were followed by gravimetry, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In distilled water, accelerated ageing of PLA is complex with deviation from Fickian behaviour at higher temperature. Moreover, immersion in distilled water induces morphological changes, in particular holes, which are absent in seawater at 40°C for the same immersion time. Indeed, seawater has little impact on the diffusion kinetics but affects M∞ values, which are slightly lower compare to the distilled water uptake. Keywords: PLA; accelerated ageing; hydrothermal ageing; degradation

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]]> Morgan Deroiné, Antoine Le Duigou, Yves-Marie Corre, Pierre-Yves Le Gac, Peter Davies, Guy César, Stéphane Bruzaud, Accelerated ageing of polylactide in aqueous environments: Comparative study between distilled water and seawater, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Available online 23 January 2014, ISSN 0141-3910, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391014000226) Abstract: Pollution of nature by plastics is a major environmental problem and the challenge for the future is to manage the lifetime of polymers better. The aim of this study is to establish a baseline on degradation mechanism and degradation kinetics for lifetime prediction of polylactide (PLA) in a marine environment. The ageing of PLA was accelerated by raising temperature in distilled water, filtered and renewed seawater and natural seawater. Samples were immersed in distilled water for six months at different temperatures (25, 30, 40 and 50°C) in order to evaluate the influence of temperature on PLA degradation kinetics and to predict lifetime. Then, samples were immersed in seawater both in the laboratory and at sea, in order to compare the effects of environment, marine organisms and salt, on degradation. The different degradation steps were followed by gravimetry, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In distilled water, accelerated ageing of PLA is complex with deviation from Fickian behaviour at higher temperature. Moreover, immersion in distilled water induces morphological changes, in particular holes, which are absent in seawater at 40°C for the same immersion time. Indeed, seawater has little impact on the diffusion kinetics but affects M∞ values, which are slightly lower compare to the distilled water uptake. Keywords: PLA; accelerated ageing; hydrothermal ageing; degradation

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/accelerated-ageing-of-polylactide-in-aqueous-environments-comparative-study-between-distilled-water-and-seawater/feed/ 0 Ocean Contamination Generated from Plastics https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2013/ocean-contamination-generated-from-plastics-in-comprehensive-water-quality-and-purification/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2013/ocean-contamination-generated-from-plastics-in-comprehensive-water-quality-and-purification/#respond Wed, 25 Dec 2013 12:04:00 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2013/12/25/ocean-contamination-generated-from-plastics-in-comprehensive-water-quality-and-purification/ K. Saido, 1.6 - Ocean Contamination Generated from Plastics, In Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, edited by Satinder Ahuja, Elsevier, Waltham, 2014, Pages 86-97, ISBN 9780123821836, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00005-0. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123821829000050) Abstract: For clarification of causes leading to new global chemical contamination from plastics, beach sand and water taken from sites around the world were extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed by selected ion monitoring-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SIM-GC/MS). All samples were found to contain the styrene oligomer (SO) (in this study, SO is considered to be a mixture of styrene monomer (SM), )1styrene dimer (SD1), SD2, and styrene trimer (ST)), a mixture consisting of phenylethylene (SM), 2,4-diphenyl-1-butene (SD), and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (ST). New global chemical contamination products were clearly shown to be derived from polystyrene (PS) decomposition and/or elution in the ocean, as well as from marine debris plastics whose presence may persist well into the future. Keywords: Adverse effects; Bisphenol A; Degradation; Elution; Marine debris plastics; Nonylphenol; Phthalate; Styrene oligomer; Toxicity

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]]> K. Saido, 1.6 - Ocean Contamination Generated from Plastics, In Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, edited by Satinder Ahuja, Elsevier, Waltham, 2014, Pages 86-97, ISBN 9780123821836, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00005-0. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123821829000050) Abstract: For clarification of causes leading to new global chemical contamination from plastics, beach sand and water taken from sites around the world were extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed by selected ion monitoring-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SIM-GC/MS). All samples were found to contain the styrene oligomer (SO) (in this study, SO is considered to be a mixture of styrene monomer (SM), )1styrene dimer (SD1), SD2, and styrene trimer (ST)), a mixture consisting of phenylethylene (SM), 2,4-diphenyl-1-butene (SD), and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (ST). New global chemical contamination products were clearly shown to be derived from polystyrene (PS) decomposition and/or elution in the ocean, as well as from marine debris plastics whose presence may persist well into the future. Keywords: Adverse effects; Bisphenol A; Degradation; Elution; Marine debris plastics; Nonylphenol; Phthalate; Styrene oligomer; Toxicity

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2013/ocean-contamination-generated-from-plastics-in-comprehensive-water-quality-and-purification/feed/ 0