Effects of microplastic exposure on the body condition and behaviour of
planktivorous reef fish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus)

PLoS ONE 13(3): e0193308.

Abstract

The effect of a pollutant on the base of the food web can have knock-on
effects for trophic structure and ecosystem functioning. In this study
we assess the effect of microplastic exposure on juveniles of a
planktivorous fish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus), a species that is
widespread and abundant on Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Under five
different plastic concentration treatments, with plastics the same size
as the natural food particles (mean 2mm diameter), there was no
significant effect of plastic exposure on fish growth, body condition or
behaviour. The amount of plastics found in the gastro-intestinal (GI)
tract was low, with a range of one to eight particles remaining in the
gut of individual fish at the end of a 6-week plastic-exposure period,
suggesting that these fish are able to detect and avoid ingesting
microplastics in this size range. However, in a second experiment the
number of plastics in the GI tract vastly increased when plastic
particle size was reduced to approximately one quarter the size of the
food particles, with a maximum of 2102 small (< 300μm diameter)
particles present in the gut of individual fish after a 1-week plastic
exposure period. Under conditions where food was replaced by plastic,
there was a negative effect on the growth and body condition of the
fish. These results suggest plastics could become more of a problem as
they break up into smaller size classes, and that environmental changes
that lead to a decrease in plankton concentrations combined with
microplastic presence is likely have a greater influence on fish
populations than microplastic presence alone.

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193308&type=printable

https://drive.google.com/open?id=12DyuiHQPUaS44ibBtQxjhnUkPAc-7YIi

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193308

Supporting information

S1 File. Feeding procedure for the experiments.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193308.s001

(DOCX)

S2 File. Details of the length-weight relationships of the three
clutches.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193308.s002

(DOCX)

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1hnSyFkmMrOoXa5k3iSkXZ2tWywTAufin
https://drive.google.com/open?id=134Rj67BKLwpCef34sOkXszmQgoD0IZPp

The post Effects of microplastic exposure on the body condition and behaviour of planktivorous reef fish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

Agglomeration of nano- and microplastic particles in seawater by autochthonous and de
novo-produced sources of exopolymeric substances,

Marine Pollution
Bulletin, Volume 130, May 2018, Pages 258-267, ISSN 0025-326X,

Abstract:

Microplastics (<5 mm) have often been studied under in-vitro conditions
where plastics have been investigated in isolation. However, in the
natural environment microplastics readily form agglomerates conferring
the particles with properties different to their pristine counterparts.
Here, we examined the interaction of exopolymers with polystyrene
nanoplastics and microplastics. Formation of plastic agglomerates was
examined using simulated sea surface conditions. Flow cytometry coupled
with microscopy revealed that nano- and microplastic particle spheres
form agglomerates in seawater with a mucilagenous material and an
associated microbial community. To characterise this material,
differential staining methods revealed it to be glycoprotein in
composition. Exposing increasing concentrations of a marine bacterial
glycoprotein EPS to nano- or microplastics revealed that these types of
polymers contribute to the formation and abundance of plastic
agglomerates. This work highlights the importance of EPS on the fate of
plastic and future research should take this into account when
evaluating the impact of plastics.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=12aj652CO55_CWgvvs13Obn4gRzi0oRP8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.039.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X18302042)

The post Agglomeration of nano- and microplastic particles in seawater by autochthonous and de novo-produced sources of exopolymeric substances appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

Human footprint in the abyss: 30 year records of deep-sea plastic debris,
Marine Policy,
Available online 6 April 2018, ISSN 0308-597X,

Abstract:

This study reports plastic debris pollution in the deep-sea based on the
information from a recently developed database. The Global Oceanographic
Data Center (GODAC) of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and
Technology (JAMSTEC) launched the Deep-sea Debris Database for public
use in March 2017. The database archives photographs and videos of
debris that have been collected since 1983 by deep-sea submersibles and
remotely operated vehicles. From the 5010 dives in the database, 3425
man-made debris items were counted. More than 33% of the debris was
macro-plastic, of which 89% was single-use products, and these ratios
increased to 52% and 92%, respectively, in areas deeper than 6000 m. The
deepest record was a plastic bag at 10898 m in the Mariana Trench.
Deep-sea organisms were observed in the 17% of plastic debris images,
which include entanglement of plastic bags on chemosynthetic cold seep
communities. Quantitative density analysis for the subset data in the
western North Pacific showed plastic density ranging from 17 to 335
items km−2 at depths of 1092–5977 m. The data show that, in addition to
resource exploitation and industrial development, the influence of
land-based human activities has reached the deepest parts of the ocean
in areas more than 1000 km from the mainland. Establishment of
international frameworks on monitoring of deep-sea plastic pollution as
an Essential Ocean Variable and a data sharing protocol are the keys to
delivering scientific outcomes that are useful for the effective
management of plastic pollution and the conservation of deep-sea
ecosystems.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17305195/pdfft?md5=df173a4568d58804d3fde4a93bc1dbdd&pid=1-s2.0-S0308597X17305195-main.pdf

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Bu3iIiWqkcdiQ-BdLP6InC8kIaMiRVdf
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.03.022.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17305195)

The post Human footprint in the abyss: 30 year records of deep-sea plastic debris appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

Environmental Pollution, Volume 237, 2018, Pages 126-132, ISSN 0269-7491,

Abstract:

Microplastics are an emerging contaminants of concern in aquatic environments.
The aggregation behaviors of microplastics governing their fate and ecological risks in aquatic
environments is in need of evaluation.
In this study, the aggregation behavior of polystyrene microspheres (micro-PS) in aquatic environments was
systematically investigated over a range of monovalent and divalent electrolytes with and without natural organic matter (i.e., Suwannee River humic acid (HA)), at pH 6.0, respectively.
The zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters of micro-PS were measured and the subsequent aggregation kinetics and attachment efficiencies (α) were calculated. The aggregation kinetics of micro-PS exhibited reaction- and diffusion-limited regimes in the presence of monovalent or divalent electrolytes with distinct critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values, followed the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory.
The CCC values of micro-PS were14.9, 13.7, 14.8, 2.95 and 3.20 mM for NaCl, NaNO3, KNO3, CaCl2 and BaCl2, respectively. As expected, divalent electrolytes (i.e., CaCl2 and BaCl2) had stronger influence on the aggregation behaviors of micro-PS as compared to monovalent electrolytes (i.e., NaCl, NaNO3 and KNO3). HA enhanced micro-PS stability and shifted the CCC values to higher electrolyte concentrations for all types of electrolytes. The CCC values of micro-PS were lower than reported carbonaceous nanoparticles CCC values. The CCC[Ca2+]/CCC [Na+] ratios in the absence and presence of HA at pH 6.0 were proportional to Z−2.34 and Z−2.30, respectively. These ratios were in accordance with the theoretical Schulze–Hardy rule, which considers that the CCC is proportional to z−6–z−2. These results indicate that the stability of micro-PS in the natural aquatic environment and the possibility of significant aqueous transport of micro-PS.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1UbTvJS0J13dHwkSdYfSY-kiuXluq1_Kf

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.042.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117341003)

The post Aggregation kinetics of microplastics in aquatic environment: Complex roles of electrolytes, pH, and natural organic matter appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

Abstract:

Since only a few studies have investigated effects of microplastics (MPs) by routes other than ingestion, this study was
designed to analyze the accumulation patterns and transfer of toxic substances associated with microplastic exposure by simple attachment to (1) adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) gills and (2) zebrafish embryos.
Two sizes of fluorescently labelled polymers (1–5 and 10–20 μm) loaded with the model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were used to analyze fate, accumulation and transfer of microplastic-associated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on gills and embryos. Results indicate that microplastics did not permanently accumulate at high amounts in adult zebrafish gills after 6 nor 24 h of incubation:
Most particles only superficially adhered to the mucus layer on the filaments, which is constantly being excreted. In contrast, the
smaller and heavier MPs (1–5 μm) accumulated in high numbers on the surface of zebrafish egg chorions. In both exposure scenarios, transfer of BaP could be visualized with fluorescence microscopy:
A prominent BaP signal was visible both in gill filaments and arches after 6 and 24 h incubation and in zebrafish embryos after exposure to BaP-spiked microplastics. Furthermore, the gill EROD (Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) assay showed a clear trend to CYP 1A (Cytochrom P450 1 A) induction via exposure to BaP-spiked microplastics. However, BaP from spiked microplastics did not reach sufficiently high concentrations to be able to induce morphological effects in the fish embryo toxicity test (FET).
In contrast, control exposure to waterborne BaP did induce effects in the FET. As a conclusion, microplastics can also transfer POPs not only
via ingestion, but also by simple attachment to epithelia or via the water column. However, further studies are needed to clarify if these
interactions are of environmental concern relative to waterborne exposure to toxic substances.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1H6Nft11eKPBhjAVwsTQI2cDHgT6sqFVb
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.028.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117336801)

The post Microplastic accumulation patterns and transfer of benzo[a]pyrene to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) gills and zebrafish embryos appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

Aqui o artigo do jornal NEO MONDO

Foto: Divulgação

The post Pescadores da Baía de Guanabara pescam lixo para voltar a pescar peixes appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

2020/09/22 – NEO MONDO

2020/09/23 – Ciclo Vivo

2020/09/24 – Quokkamag

The post Relatórios regulares sobre o projeto de coleta de lixo da oeoo Brasil appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

http://www.neomondo.org.br/2020/09/22/ong-alema-trara-tecnologia-inovadora-para-retirada-de-plastico-da-baia-de-guanabara/

https://envolverde.com.br/ong-alema-trara-tecnologia-inovadora-para-retirada-de-plastico-da-baia-de-guanabara/

 https://www.ecoo.com.br/ong-alema-trara-tecnologia-inovadora-para-retirada-de-plastico-da-baia-de-guanabara/

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The post Plastics in the North Atlantic garbage patch: A boat-microbe for hitchhikers and plastic degraders appeared first on One Earth - One Ocean e. V..

Nun sind sämtliche unserer Rohdaten zu den Verschmutzungsgraden mit Mikroplastik von 2013 bis 2020 enthalten, die auf gesammelten und ausgewerteten Wasserproben basieren, die in der Nordsee, dem Atlantik, dem Mittelmeer sowie der Elbe genommen wurden. oeoo kooperiert dafür seit 2013 mit der Linienreederei OPDR aus Hamburg, deren Schiffe feste Routen zwischen Nordeuropa und Afrika befahren. Zudem hat das jeweilige Team von OceanCollege 2018 und 2019 fleissig Proben bei seiner einjährigen Segeltour von Amsterdam in die Karibik und zurück gesammelt. Vielen Dank dafür. Diese Proben werden laufend von oeoo im eigenen Labor per FTIR-Spektrometer auf ihre chemische Zusammensetzung hin analysiert. Die Ergebnisse fließen seit 2013 in eine oeoo-Datenbank ein und stehen der Öffentlichkeit auf dieser interaktiven Weltkarte zur Verfügung, die unser Partner PHAT Consulting für uns technisch umgesetzt hat.

Der Verein sucht auch in Zukunft Kooperationspartner, um möglichst weltweit Daten von Wasserproben erfassen zu können.

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