Arabian Sea Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/category/arabian-sea-en/ Eine weitere WordPress-Website Tue, 20 Dec 2022 21:43:29 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg Arabian Sea Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/category/arabian-sea-en/ 32 32 How old is that litter on the beach? https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/how-old-is-that-litter-on-the-beach/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/how-old-is-that-litter-on-the-beach/#respond Fri, 12 Sep 2014 20:23:04 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/09/12/how-old-is-that-litter-on-the-beach/ http://news.sciencemag.org/environment/2014/08/how-old-litter-beach How old is that litter on the beach? By Ian Randall 18 August 2014 5:00 pm One person?s trash is another person?s science. That?s the idea behind new research that uses litter left behind by extreme floods to help plan for similar hazards in the future. Once dumped into the environment, litter is subject to natural transportation processes and typically ends up in the sea, forming gyres of marine debris. While most of it ultimately sinks to the sea floor, a significant portion is washed up onshore, adding to the ?wrack lines? of driftwood, kelp, and other natural flotsam deposited at high-tide marks. Extreme flooding events?such as those caused by tsunamis or storm surges?can also leave behind wrack lines. Now, researchers have proposed that these wrack lines could be used to identify past floods and map out their impact, thereby providing information on flooding in remote regions for which significant data are not usually available. Litter has an advantage over natural flotsam for this purpose, because trash often tells you how old it is: Just look for the production or expiration dates on discarded packaging. Because wrack lines containing trash must have formed after the most recent date found on the litter, scientists realized they could use that information to roughly date the flood that caused a particular wrack line. To demonstrate their idea, the researchers used GPS to map out litter deposits along the coastline near the city of Ras al Hadd in eastern Oman?a region vulnerable to both tsunamis and cyclone-induced storm surges. They identified two extensive wrack lines of litter (one of which is pictured) located as far as 900 meters inland. The youngest trash in each of the wrack lines was stamped with production dates of 9 January 2007 and 31 March 2010, respectively. That means the wrack lines likely originated in the floods caused by cyclones Gonu and Phet, which occurred slightly later in those same years, the researchers say. By knowing the maximum water level of past flooding episodes within a particular region?and how often floods occur?scientists can better predict the extent and impact of future floods, informing the development of worst-case scenarios, evacuation plans, and possible relief efforts.

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]]> http://news.sciencemag.org/environment/2014/08/how-old-litter-beach How old is that litter on the beach? By Ian Randall 18 August 2014 5:00 pm One person?s trash is another person?s science. That?s the idea behind new research that uses litter left behind by extreme floods to help plan for similar hazards in the future. Once dumped into the environment, litter is subject to natural transportation processes and typically ends up in the sea, forming gyres of marine debris. While most of it ultimately sinks to the sea floor, a significant portion is washed up onshore, adding to the ?wrack lines? of driftwood, kelp, and other natural flotsam deposited at high-tide marks. Extreme flooding events?such as those caused by tsunamis or storm surges?can also leave behind wrack lines. Now, researchers have proposed that these wrack lines could be used to identify past floods and map out their impact, thereby providing information on flooding in remote regions for which significant data are not usually available. Litter has an advantage over natural flotsam for this purpose, because trash often tells you how old it is: Just look for the production or expiration dates on discarded packaging. Because wrack lines containing trash must have formed after the most recent date found on the litter, scientists realized they could use that information to roughly date the flood that caused a particular wrack line. To demonstrate their idea, the researchers used GPS to map out litter deposits along the coastline near the city of Ras al Hadd in eastern Oman?a region vulnerable to both tsunamis and cyclone-induced storm surges. They identified two extensive wrack lines of litter (one of which is pictured) located as far as 900 meters inland. The youngest trash in each of the wrack lines was stamped with production dates of 9 January 2007 and 31 March 2010, respectively. That means the wrack lines likely originated in the floods caused by cyclones Gonu and Phet, which occurred slightly later in those same years, the researchers say. By knowing the maximum water level of past flooding episodes within a particular region?and how often floods occur?scientists can better predict the extent and impact of future floods, informing the development of worst-case scenarios, evacuation plans, and possible relief efforts.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/how-old-is-that-litter-on-the-beach/feed/ 0 Reconstructing Anthropocene extreme flood events by using litter deposits https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/reconstructing-anthropocene-extreme-flood-events-by-using-litter-deposits/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/reconstructing-anthropocene-extreme-flood-events-by-using-litter-deposits/#respond Fri, 12 Sep 2014 19:50:19 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/09/12/reconstructing-anthropocene-extreme-flood-events-by-using-litter-deposits/ Gösta Hoffmann, Klaus Reicherter, Reconstructing Anthropocene extreme flood events by using litter deposits, Global and Planetary Change, Volume 122, November 2014, Pages 23-28, ISSN 0921-8181, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.012. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818114001453) Abstract: Coastal areas are densely populated and therefore vulnerable to the impact of flooding events induced by tsunami waves or storm surges. The flood risk has increased due to global climate change and an accelerated sea-level rise as observed during the most recent geological times (the Anthropocene). At the same time a concentration of settlements along the world's coastlines is observed. Therefore, knowledge of maximum flooding levels during high-energy events is essential to improve the assessment of risk. We utilise wrack lines composed of litter as in situ physical marks made up of durable, solid matter of various compositions to delineate the maximum flooding level. These deposits may enclose information on production dates, used to precisely reconstruct the timing of the flooding. This approach allows an ultra-high resolution dating. We demonstrate the application of this efficient, fast and cheap method for the coastline of Oman bordering the Arabian Sea (Northern Indian Ocean). The area was recently affected by devastating tropical cyclones as well as tsunamis. Keywords: tropical cyclone; tsunami; inundation modelling; risk assessment; coastal vulnerability; technofossil; ultra-high resolution dating

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]]> Gösta Hoffmann, Klaus Reicherter, Reconstructing Anthropocene extreme flood events by using litter deposits, Global and Planetary Change, Volume 122, November 2014, Pages 23-28, ISSN 0921-8181, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.012. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818114001453) Abstract: Coastal areas are densely populated and therefore vulnerable to the impact of flooding events induced by tsunami waves or storm surges. The flood risk has increased due to global climate change and an accelerated sea-level rise as observed during the most recent geological times (the Anthropocene). At the same time a concentration of settlements along the world's coastlines is observed. Therefore, knowledge of maximum flooding levels during high-energy events is essential to improve the assessment of risk. We utilise wrack lines composed of litter as in situ physical marks made up of durable, solid matter of various compositions to delineate the maximum flooding level. These deposits may enclose information on production dates, used to precisely reconstruct the timing of the flooding. This approach allows an ultra-high resolution dating. We demonstrate the application of this efficient, fast and cheap method for the coastline of Oman bordering the Arabian Sea (Northern Indian Ocean). The area was recently affected by devastating tropical cyclones as well as tsunamis. Keywords: tropical cyclone; tsunami; inundation modelling; risk assessment; coastal vulnerability; technofossil; ultra-high resolution dating

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/reconstructing-anthropocene-extreme-flood-events-by-using-litter-deposits/feed/ 0 Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by marine bacteria from pelagic waters, Arabian Sea, India https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2013/biodegradation-of-low-density-polyethylene-by-marine-bacteria-from-pelagic-waters-arabian-sea-india-2/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2013/biodegradation-of-low-density-polyethylene-by-marine-bacteria-from-pelagic-waters-arabian-sea-india-2/#respond Sun, 22 Dec 2013 21:04:37 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2013/12/22/biodegradation-of-low-density-polyethylene-by-marine-bacteria-from-pelagic-waters-arabian-sea-india-2/ Kumar Harshvardhan, Bhavanath Jha, Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by marine bacteria from pelagic waters, Arabian Sea, India, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 7 November 2013, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.025. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13006462) Abstract: Sixty marine bacteria isolated from pelagic waters were screened for their ability to degrade low-density polyethylene; among them, three were positive and able to grow in a medium containing polythene as the sole carbon source. The positive isolates were identified as Kocuria palustris M16, Bacillus pumilus M27 and Bacillus subtilis H1584 based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence homology. The weight loss of polyethylene was 1%, 1.5% and 1.75% after 30 days of incubation with the M16, M27 and H1584 isolates, respectively. The maximum (32%) cell surface hydrophobicity was observed in M16, followed by the H1584 and M27 isolates. The viability of the isolates growing on the polyethylene surface was confirmed using a triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction test. The viability was also correlated with a concomitant increase in the protein density of the biomass. Polyethylene biodegradation was further confirmed by an increase in the Keto Carbonyl Bond Index, the Ester Carbonyl Bond Index and the Vinyl Bond Index, which were calculated from FT-IR spectra.

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]]> Kumar Harshvardhan, Bhavanath Jha, Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by marine bacteria from pelagic waters, Arabian Sea, India, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 7 November 2013, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.025. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13006462) Abstract: Sixty marine bacteria isolated from pelagic waters were screened for their ability to degrade low-density polyethylene; among them, three were positive and able to grow in a medium containing polythene as the sole carbon source. The positive isolates were identified as Kocuria palustris M16, Bacillus pumilus M27 and Bacillus subtilis H1584 based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence homology. The weight loss of polyethylene was 1%, 1.5% and 1.75% after 30 days of incubation with the M16, M27 and H1584 isolates, respectively. The maximum (32%) cell surface hydrophobicity was observed in M16, followed by the H1584 and M27 isolates. The viability of the isolates growing on the polyethylene surface was confirmed using a triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction test. The viability was also correlated with a concomitant increase in the protein density of the biomass. Polyethylene biodegradation was further confirmed by an increase in the Keto Carbonyl Bond Index, the Ester Carbonyl Bond Index and the Vinyl Bond Index, which were calculated from FT-IR spectra.

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