2013 Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/category/2013-en/ Eine weitere WordPress-Website Tue, 20 Dec 2022 21:42:31 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg 2013 Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/category/2013-en/ 32 32 Polystyrene Plastic: A Source and Sink for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/polystyrene-plastic-a-source-and-sink-for-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-the-marine-environment/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/polystyrene-plastic-a-source-and-sink-for-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-the-marine-environment/#respond Sat, 26 Apr 2014 19:45:19 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/04/26/polystyrene-plastic-a-source-and-sink-for-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-the-marine-environment/ http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es403605f Chelsea M. Rochman, Carlos Manzano, Brian T. Hentschel, Staci L. Massey Simonich, and Eunha Hoh Polystyrene Plastic: A Source and Sink for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (24), pp 13976?13984 DOI: 10.1021/es403605f Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on virgin polystyrene (PS) and PS marine debris led us to examine PS as a source and sink for PAHs in the marine environment. At two locations in San Diego Bay, we measured sorption of PAHs to PS pellets, sampling at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We detected 25 PAHs using a new analytical method with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Several congeners were detected on samples before deployment. After deployment, some concentrations decreased (1,3-dimethylnaphthalene and 2,6-methylnaphthalene), while most increased [2-methylanthracene and all parent PAHs (PPAHs), except fluorene and fluoranthene], suggesting that PS debris is a source and sink for PAHs. When sorbed concentrations of PPAHs on PS are compared to the five most common polymers [polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP)], PS sorbed greater concentrations than PP, PET, and PVC, similar to HDPE and LDPE. Most strikingly, at 0 months, PPAHs on PS ranged from 8 to 200 times greater than on PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, and PP. The combination of greater PAHs in virgin pellets and large sorption suggests that PS may pose a greater risk of exposure to PAHs upon ingestion.

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]]> http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es403605f Chelsea M. Rochman, Carlos Manzano, Brian T. Hentschel, Staci L. Massey Simonich, and Eunha Hoh Polystyrene Plastic: A Source and Sink for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (24), pp 13976?13984 DOI: 10.1021/es403605f Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on virgin polystyrene (PS) and PS marine debris led us to examine PS as a source and sink for PAHs in the marine environment. At two locations in San Diego Bay, we measured sorption of PAHs to PS pellets, sampling at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We detected 25 PAHs using a new analytical method with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Several congeners were detected on samples before deployment. After deployment, some concentrations decreased (1,3-dimethylnaphthalene and 2,6-methylnaphthalene), while most increased [2-methylanthracene and all parent PAHs (PPAHs), except fluorene and fluoranthene], suggesting that PS debris is a source and sink for PAHs. When sorbed concentrations of PPAHs on PS are compared to the five most common polymers [polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP)], PS sorbed greater concentrations than PP, PET, and PVC, similar to HDPE and LDPE. Most strikingly, at 0 months, PPAHs on PS ranged from 8 to 200 times greater than on PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, and PP. The combination of greater PAHs in virgin pellets and large sorption suggests that PS may pose a greater risk of exposure to PAHs upon ingestion.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/polystyrene-plastic-a-source-and-sink-for-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-the-marine-environment/feed/ 0 Invasive Plastic Hitchhikers https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/north-pacific-en/2014/invasive-plastic-hitchhikers/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/north-pacific-en/2014/invasive-plastic-hitchhikers/#respond Mon, 24 Mar 2014 22:30:16 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/24/invasive-plastic-hitchhikers/ http://www.sea.edu/plastics/journal/october_15_day_13 October 15: Day 13 Posted by Jonathan Waterman Invasive Plastic Hitchhikers We’re ten days and 690 nautical miles out from the nearest land in California. In that time, we’ve conducted 21 net deployments to collect and analyze plastic. We’ve counted a total of 3,323 pieces of plastic, most of it in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Here in this gigantic eddy-like “trap,” the concentration of floating plastic has increased exponentially. We’re finding grain-size and quarter-size pieces of plastic in the net cod ends. Occasionally nets have counts as low as ten—versus counts of 1,372 pieces. Why? Because of the gyre’s patchiness, some places are loaded with plastic and others are not. On calm days, often times the plastic can be seen floating by the ship, other times the sea looks clear and free of plastic until you filter it and discover plastic pieces that are invisible to the human eye. One project (among many onboard) is to count microscopic plastics that aren’t normally tallied with the larger and more visible pieces in the neuston net due to the fact that they pass out of the mesh net as it’s being towed. To measure these, a liter of seawater is dyed pink and vacuumed through a micrometer-sized filter mesh. The dye doesn’t stick to plastic, therefore, the pieces can be seen clear of other microbial life and counted through a microscope. Over the last week, microscopic plastic counts have ranged from 56 to 224 pieces per liter of seawat

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]]> http://www.sea.edu/plastics/journal/october_15_day_13 October 15: Day 13 Posted by Jonathan Waterman Invasive Plastic Hitchhikers We’re ten days and 690 nautical miles out from the nearest land in California. In that time, we’ve conducted 21 net deployments to collect and analyze plastic. We’ve counted a total of 3,323 pieces of plastic, most of it in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Here in this gigantic eddy-like “trap,” the concentration of floating plastic has increased exponentially. We’re finding grain-size and quarter-size pieces of plastic in the net cod ends. Occasionally nets have counts as low as ten—versus counts of 1,372 pieces. Why? Because of the gyre’s patchiness, some places are loaded with plastic and others are not. On calm days, often times the plastic can be seen floating by the ship, other times the sea looks clear and free of plastic until you filter it and discover plastic pieces that are invisible to the human eye. One project (among many onboard) is to count microscopic plastics that aren’t normally tallied with the larger and more visible pieces in the neuston net due to the fact that they pass out of the mesh net as it’s being towed. To measure these, a liter of seawater is dyed pink and vacuumed through a micrometer-sized filter mesh. The dye doesn’t stick to plastic, therefore, the pieces can be seen clear of other microbial life and counted through a microscope. Over the last week, microscopic plastic counts have ranged from 56 to 224 pieces per liter of seawat

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/north-pacific-en/2014/invasive-plastic-hitchhikers/feed/ 0 Fiji President calls for ‘new culture’ of conservation https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/fiji-president-calls-for-new-culture-of-conservation/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/fiji-president-calls-for-new-culture-of-conservation/#respond Sat, 15 Mar 2014 16:03:41 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/15/fiji-president-calls-for-new-culture-of-conservation/ http://www.sprep.org/biodiversity-ecosystems-management/fiji-president-calls-for-new-culture-of-conservation-by-wati-talebula-journalism-student-from-fiji-national-university Fiji President calls for 'new culture' of conservation Published on 02 December 2013 2 December 2013, Suva, Fiji - By Wati Talebula: - Fiji's President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau believes the Pacific needs to bring ordinary people into its conservation efforts to overcome "the culture of the throwaway package" Ratu Epeli told delegates gathered for the opening of the 9th Pacific Islands Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas in Suva on December 2, 2013 there was a need for a revolution in personal attitudes. "For too long, Pacific peoples have embraced one of the worst facets of western consumerism - the culture of the throwaway package," Ratu Epeli said. "Our villages, towns and cities are strewn with litter, our beaches with plastic bottles and plastic bags, and other non-biodegradable containers of every kind," Ratu Epeli said. "We can blame the manufacturers for packaging their products in these containers in the first place. But the responsibility for disposing of them properly is solely our own – all of us. "We need to inculcate a new culture in the Pacific, one of personal commitment to conservation and sustainable development and the daily observance of it in all our lives. Do not use our pristine environment as a rubbish dump."

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]]> http://www.sprep.org/biodiversity-ecosystems-management/fiji-president-calls-for-new-culture-of-conservation-by-wati-talebula-journalism-student-from-fiji-national-university Fiji President calls for 'new culture' of conservation Published on 02 December 2013 2 December 2013, Suva, Fiji - By Wati Talebula: - Fiji's President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau believes the Pacific needs to bring ordinary people into its conservation efforts to overcome "the culture of the throwaway package" Ratu Epeli told delegates gathered for the opening of the 9th Pacific Islands Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas in Suva on December 2, 2013 there was a need for a revolution in personal attitudes. "For too long, Pacific peoples have embraced one of the worst facets of western consumerism - the culture of the throwaway package," Ratu Epeli said. "Our villages, towns and cities are strewn with litter, our beaches with plastic bottles and plastic bags, and other non-biodegradable containers of every kind," Ratu Epeli said. "We can blame the manufacturers for packaging their products in these containers in the first place. But the responsibility for disposing of them properly is solely our own – all of us. "We need to inculcate a new culture in the Pacific, one of personal commitment to conservation and sustainable development and the daily observance of it in all our lives. Do not use our pristine environment as a rubbish dump."

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/fiji-president-calls-for-new-culture-of-conservation/feed/ 0 Prime Minister’s closing speech of the 9th Pacific Islands Conference on Conservation and Protected Areas https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/prime-ministers-closing-speech-of-the-9th-pacific-islands-conference-on-conservation-and-protected-areas/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/prime-ministers-closing-speech-of-the-9th-pacific-islands-conference-on-conservation-and-protected-areas/#respond Sat, 15 Mar 2014 17:01:35 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/15/prime-ministers-closing-speech-of-the-9th-pacific-islands-conference-on-conservation-and-protected-areas/ http://www.sprep.org/speeches/prime-ministers-closing-speech-of-the-9th-pacific-islands-conference-on-conservation-and-protected-areas Prime Minister's closing speech of the 9th Pacific Islands Conference on Conservation and Protected Areas Published on 07 December 2013 For too long, our people have taken their beautiful surroundings and abundant natural resources for granted. For too long, we have seen conservation as someone else's responsibility. Paradoxically, we use the vast ocean around us as both a food source and a refuse dump. We take its abundance of seafood and give back sewage and garbage. None of us would dump rubbish in our own backyards yet think nothing of dumping it in the ocean. In my naval career, I've been staggered and angered by the sheer volumeof floating plastic bags, plastic bottles and other cast-offs that I've seen in the water sometimes many kilometres offshore. Someone put them there, sometimes a Pacific Islander with a big smile. Something had to give as time went by and it has. Our ocean, its shoreline and reefs have come under such intense human pressure that whole ecosystems are under threat. It has to stop. Our arable land and fresh water streams and rivers are being polluted and their biodiversity, at times, affected by invasive species. I heartily agree with His Excellency our President when he said at the opening session of this gathering that we need to inculcate a new culture of personal responsibility on the part of every Pacific Islander to end this assault on our living space. I also endorse his call for the global community to finally face up to its responsibility to tackle the issue of climate change.

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]]> http://www.sprep.org/speeches/prime-ministers-closing-speech-of-the-9th-pacific-islands-conference-on-conservation-and-protected-areas Prime Minister's closing speech of the 9th Pacific Islands Conference on Conservation and Protected Areas Published on 07 December 2013 For too long, our people have taken their beautiful surroundings and abundant natural resources for granted. For too long, we have seen conservation as someone else's responsibility. Paradoxically, we use the vast ocean around us as both a food source and a refuse dump. We take its abundance of seafood and give back sewage and garbage. None of us would dump rubbish in our own backyards yet think nothing of dumping it in the ocean. In my naval career, I've been staggered and angered by the sheer volumeof floating plastic bags, plastic bottles and other cast-offs that I've seen in the water sometimes many kilometres offshore. Someone put them there, sometimes a Pacific Islander with a big smile. Something had to give as time went by and it has. Our ocean, its shoreline and reefs have come under such intense human pressure that whole ecosystems are under threat. It has to stop. Our arable land and fresh water streams and rivers are being polluted and their biodiversity, at times, affected by invasive species. I heartily agree with His Excellency our President when he said at the opening session of this gathering that we need to inculcate a new culture of personal responsibility on the part of every Pacific Islander to end this assault on our living space. I also endorse his call for the global community to finally face up to its responsibility to tackle the issue of climate change.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/prime-ministers-closing-speech-of-the-9th-pacific-islands-conference-on-conservation-and-protected-areas/feed/ 0 A multi-criteria evaluation system for marine litter pollution based on statistical analyses of OSPAR beach litter monitoring time series https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/a-multi-criteria-evaluation-system-for-marine-litter-pollution-based-on-statistical-analyses-of-ospar-beach-litter-monitoring-time-series/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/a-multi-criteria-evaluation-system-for-marine-litter-pollution-based-on-statistical-analyses-of-ospar-beach-litter-monitoring-time-series/#respond Sun, 09 Mar 2014 23:15:29 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/10/a-multi-criteria-evaluation-system-for-marine-litter-pollution-based-on-statistical-analyses-of-ospar-beach-litter-monitoring-time-series/ Marcus Schulz, Daniel Neumann, David M. Fleet, Michael Matthies, A multi-criteria evaluation system for marine litter pollution based on statistical analyses of OSPAR beach litter monitoring time series, Marine Environmental Research, Volume 92, December 2013, Pages 61-70, ISSN 0141-1136, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113613001475) Abstract: During the last decades, marine pollution with anthropogenic litter has become a worldwide major environmental concern. Standardized monitoring of litter since 2001 on 78 beaches selected within the framework of the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) has been used to identify temporal trends of marine litter. Based on statistical analyses of this dataset a two-part multi-criteria evaluation system for beach litter pollution of the North-East Atlantic and the North Sea is proposed. Canonical correlation analyses, linear regression analyses, and non-parametric analyses of variance were used to identify different temporal trends. A classification of beaches was derived from cluster analyses and served to define different states of beach quality according to abundances of 17 input variables. The evaluation system is easily applicable and relies on the above-mentioned classification and on significant temporal trends implied by significant rank correlations. Keywords: Marine litter; Canonical correlation analysis; Temporal trend; Cluster analysis; Classification system; Beach evaluation

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]]> Marcus Schulz, Daniel Neumann, David M. Fleet, Michael Matthies, A multi-criteria evaluation system for marine litter pollution based on statistical analyses of OSPAR beach litter monitoring time series, Marine Environmental Research, Volume 92, December 2013, Pages 61-70, ISSN 0141-1136, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113613001475) Abstract: During the last decades, marine pollution with anthropogenic litter has become a worldwide major environmental concern. Standardized monitoring of litter since 2001 on 78 beaches selected within the framework of the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) has been used to identify temporal trends of marine litter. Based on statistical analyses of this dataset a two-part multi-criteria evaluation system for beach litter pollution of the North-East Atlantic and the North Sea is proposed. Canonical correlation analyses, linear regression analyses, and non-parametric analyses of variance were used to identify different temporal trends. A classification of beaches was derived from cluster analyses and served to define different states of beach quality according to abundances of 17 input variables. The evaluation system is easily applicable and relies on the above-mentioned classification and on significant temporal trends implied by significant rank correlations. Keywords: Marine litter; Canonical correlation analysis; Temporal trend; Cluster analysis; Classification system; Beach evaluation

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/a-multi-criteria-evaluation-system-for-marine-litter-pollution-based-on-statistical-analyses-of-ospar-beach-litter-monitoring-time-series/feed/ 0 The Department of State’s Marine Debris Art Challenge https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/the-department-of-states-marine-debris-art-challenge/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/the-department-of-states-marine-debris-art-challenge/#respond Sun, 09 Mar 2014 22:16:47 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/09/the-department-of-states-marine-debris-art-challenge/ http://marinedebrisblog.wordpress.com/2013/12/23/the-department-of-states-marine-debris-art-challenge/ The Department of State’s Marine Debris Art Challenge December 23, 2013 by NOAA Marine Debris Program By: Kelly Cohun, Dave Gershman and Kira Vuille-Kowing One person’s trash can be another person’s treasure – or an art project, in this case. This fall, the Department of State’s Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) teamed up with U.S. Embassies and Consulates around the world for the Marine Debris Art Challenge, elevating international awareness of marine debris for the annual International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) on September 21. Embassies and Consulates hosted cleanups and worked with local communities to clean up the coast and, at the same time, turn salvaged material into art projects. In addition to the traditional target of the International Coastal Cleanup – beaches – many Embassies and Consulates organized cleanups of waterways, river and stream banks, harborside areas, and even on the shores of ponds or lakes. Local schools, environmental organizations, outdoor recreation associations, and other community and civic groups worked side by side with U.S. diplomats to make their local marine or aquatic environment a cleaner place – and turned what would have been trash into art!

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]]> http://marinedebrisblog.wordpress.com/2013/12/23/the-department-of-states-marine-debris-art-challenge/ The Department of State’s Marine Debris Art Challenge December 23, 2013 by NOAA Marine Debris Program By: Kelly Cohun, Dave Gershman and Kira Vuille-Kowing One person’s trash can be another person’s treasure – or an art project, in this case. This fall, the Department of State’s Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) teamed up with U.S. Embassies and Consulates around the world for the Marine Debris Art Challenge, elevating international awareness of marine debris for the annual International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) on September 21. Embassies and Consulates hosted cleanups and worked with local communities to clean up the coast and, at the same time, turn salvaged material into art projects. In addition to the traditional target of the International Coastal Cleanup – beaches – many Embassies and Consulates organized cleanups of waterways, river and stream banks, harborside areas, and even on the shores of ponds or lakes. Local schools, environmental organizations, outdoor recreation associations, and other community and civic groups worked side by side with U.S. diplomats to make their local marine or aquatic environment a cleaner place – and turned what would have been trash into art!

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/the-department-of-states-marine-debris-art-challenge/feed/ 0 Sixth Graders and Project SORT with a Big Haul in Georgia https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/sixth-graders-and-project-sort-with-a-big-haul-in-georgia/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/sixth-graders-and-project-sort-with-a-big-haul-in-georgia/#respond Sun, 09 Mar 2014 21:14:44 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/09/sixth-graders-and-project-sort-with-a-big-haul-in-georgia/ http://marinedebrisblog.wordpress.com/2013/12/26/sixth-graders-and-project-sort-with-a-big-haul-in-georgia/ Sixth Graders and Project SORT with a Big Haul in Georgia December 26, 2013 by NOAA Marine Debris Program By: Leah Henry In a tidal creek on the northeastern edge of Skidaway Island, GA, twenty 6th graders from a local Savannah school (STEM Academy) participated in a cleanup as part of Project SORT, a new education and outreach initiative from the University of Georgia and the NOAA Marine Debris Program. The Project SORT team and 6th grade students followed the high tide line, having fun “extracting” dock parts, bottles, plastic and other debris from the edges of the creek. Dodie Sanders, Project SORT’s lead said, “We have discovered that a lot of marine debris gets trapped high into the marsh along the creek’s edge and there was plenty of it! I do not think I have ever seen so much debris at any of our other sites.”

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]]> http://marinedebrisblog.wordpress.com/2013/12/26/sixth-graders-and-project-sort-with-a-big-haul-in-georgia/ Sixth Graders and Project SORT with a Big Haul in Georgia December 26, 2013 by NOAA Marine Debris Program By: Leah Henry In a tidal creek on the northeastern edge of Skidaway Island, GA, twenty 6th graders from a local Savannah school (STEM Academy) participated in a cleanup as part of Project SORT, a new education and outreach initiative from the University of Georgia and the NOAA Marine Debris Program. The Project SORT team and 6th grade students followed the high tide line, having fun “extracting” dock parts, bottles, plastic and other debris from the edges of the creek. Dodie Sanders, Project SORT’s lead said, “We have discovered that a lot of marine debris gets trapped high into the marsh along the creek’s edge and there was plenty of it! I do not think I have ever seen so much debris at any of our other sites.”

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/sixth-graders-and-project-sort-with-a-big-haul-in-georgia/feed/ 0 Evaluating the impacts of marine debris on cetaceans https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/evaluating-the-impacts-of-marine-debris-on-cetaceans/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/evaluating-the-impacts-of-marine-debris-on-cetaceans/#respond Thu, 06 Mar 2014 18:04:19 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/06/evaluating-the-impacts-of-marine-debris-on-cetaceans/ Sarah Baulch, Clare Perry, Evaluating the impacts of marine debris on cetaceans, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 11 February 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.050. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13007984) Abstract: Global in its distribution and pervading all levels of the water column, marine debris poses a serious threat to marine habitats and wildlife. For cetaceans, ingestion or entanglement in debris can cause chronic and acute injuries and increase pollutant loads, resulting in morbidity and mortality. However, knowledge of the severity of effects lags behind that for other species groups. This literature review examines the impacts of marine debris on cetaceans reported to date. It finds that ingestion of debris has been documented in 48 (56% of) cetacean species, with rates of ingestion as high as 31% in some populations. Debris-induced mortality rates of 0–22% of stranded animals were documented, suggesting that debris could be a significant conservation threat to some populations. We identify key data that need to be collected and published to improve understanding of the threat that marine debris poses to cetaceans. Keywords: Marine debris; Cetaceans; Entanglement; Ingestion; Plastic

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]]> Sarah Baulch, Clare Perry, Evaluating the impacts of marine debris on cetaceans, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 11 February 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.050. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13007984) Abstract: Global in its distribution and pervading all levels of the water column, marine debris poses a serious threat to marine habitats and wildlife. For cetaceans, ingestion or entanglement in debris can cause chronic and acute injuries and increase pollutant loads, resulting in morbidity and mortality. However, knowledge of the severity of effects lags behind that for other species groups. This literature review examines the impacts of marine debris on cetaceans reported to date. It finds that ingestion of debris has been documented in 48 (56% of) cetacean species, with rates of ingestion as high as 31% in some populations. Debris-induced mortality rates of 0–22% of stranded animals were documented, suggesting that debris could be a significant conservation threat to some populations. We identify key data that need to be collected and published to improve understanding of the threat that marine debris poses to cetaceans. Keywords: Marine debris; Cetaceans; Entanglement; Ingestion; Plastic

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/evaluating-the-impacts-of-marine-debris-on-cetaceans/feed/ 0 Developing human capital for successful implementation of international marine scientific research projects https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/developing-human-capital-for-successful-implementation-of-international-marine-scientific-research-projects/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/developing-human-capital-for-successful-implementation-of-international-marine-scientific-research-projects/#respond Thu, 06 Mar 2014 18:22:45 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/06/developing-human-capital-for-successful-implementation-of-international-marine-scientific-research-projects/ Note: It's not about marine litter, but it is useful for the community. R.J. Morrison, J. Zhang, E.R. Urban Jr., J. Hall, V. Ittekkot, B. Avril, L. Hu, G.H. Hong, S. Kidwai, C.B. Lange, V. Lobanov, J. Machiwa, M.L. San Diego-McGlone, T. Oguz, F.G. Plumley, T. Yeemin, W. Zhu, F. Zuo, Developing human capital for successful implementation of international marine scientific research projects, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 19 September 2013, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.001. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13005377) Abstract: The oceans play a crucial role in the global environment and the sustainability of human populations, because of their involvement in climate regulation and provision of living and non-living resources to humans. Maintenance of healthy oceans in an era of increasing human pressure requires a high-level understanding of the processes occurring in the marine environment and the impacts of anthropogenic activities. Effective protection and sustainable resource management must be based, in part, on knowledge derived from successful research. Current marine research activities are being limited by a need for high-quality researchers capable of addressing critical issues in broad multidisciplinary research activities. This is particularly true for developing countries which will require the building of capacity for marine scientific research. This paper reviews the current activities aimed at increasing marine research capacity in developing and emerging countries and analyses the challenges faced, including: appropriate alignment of the research goals and societal and policy-relevant needs; training in multidisciplinary research; increasing capacity for overall synthesis of scientific data; building the capacity of technical staff; keeping highly qualified personnel in marine scientific research roles; cross-cultural issues in training; minimising duplication in training activities; improving linkages among human capital, project resources and infrastructure. Potential solutions to these challenges are provided, along with some priorities for action aimed at improving the overall research effort.

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]]> Note: It's not about marine litter, but it is useful for the community. R.J. Morrison, J. Zhang, E.R. Urban Jr., J. Hall, V. Ittekkot, B. Avril, L. Hu, G.H. Hong, S. Kidwai, C.B. Lange, V. Lobanov, J. Machiwa, M.L. San Diego-McGlone, T. Oguz, F.G. Plumley, T. Yeemin, W. Zhu, F. Zuo, Developing human capital for successful implementation of international marine scientific research projects, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 19 September 2013, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.001. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13005377) Abstract: The oceans play a crucial role in the global environment and the sustainability of human populations, because of their involvement in climate regulation and provision of living and non-living resources to humans. Maintenance of healthy oceans in an era of increasing human pressure requires a high-level understanding of the processes occurring in the marine environment and the impacts of anthropogenic activities. Effective protection and sustainable resource management must be based, in part, on knowledge derived from successful research. Current marine research activities are being limited by a need for high-quality researchers capable of addressing critical issues in broad multidisciplinary research activities. This is particularly true for developing countries which will require the building of capacity for marine scientific research. This paper reviews the current activities aimed at increasing marine research capacity in developing and emerging countries and analyses the challenges faced, including: appropriate alignment of the research goals and societal and policy-relevant needs; training in multidisciplinary research; increasing capacity for overall synthesis of scientific data; building the capacity of technical staff; keeping highly qualified personnel in marine scientific research roles; cross-cultural issues in training; minimising duplication in training activities; improving linkages among human capital, project resources and infrastructure. Potential solutions to these challenges are provided, along with some priorities for action aimed at improving the overall research effort.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/research-en/2014/developing-human-capital-for-successful-implementation-of-international-marine-scientific-research-projects/feed/ 0 Hawaii County Set To Begin Plastic Bag Ban https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/hawaii-county-set-to-begin-plastic-bag-ban/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/hawaii-county-set-to-begin-plastic-bag-ban/#respond Thu, 06 Mar 2014 18:10:11 +0000 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2014/03/06/hawaii-county-set-to-begin-plastic-bag-ban/ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/31/hawaii-plastic-bag-ban_n_4525000.html Hawaii County Set To Begin Plastic Bag Ban Posted: 12/31/2013 2:37 pm EST | Updated: 01/02/2014 9:18 pm EST Imagine a future where endless balls of plastic bags aren't jammed underneath the kitchen sink, where the idea of a "plastic bag holder" is as quaint as a CD rack, and where that famous scene in "American Beauty" prompts children to ask their parents about the bygone days of plastic bag pollution. For Hawaii, such a future is just around the corner. All four of the populated counties in Hawaii have passed legislation banning plastic bags at checkout counters, making it the first state in the country to pass such a ban. (There is a fifth county, Kalawao County, in Hawaii, but it is very remote and barely populated.) On the Big Island, where consumers have been paying for plastic bags at checkout lines for the past year, the ban officially begins on Jan. 17 at grocery stores, restaurants and retailers.

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]]> http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/31/hawaii-plastic-bag-ban_n_4525000.html Hawaii County Set To Begin Plastic Bag Ban Posted: 12/31/2013 2:37 pm EST | Updated: 01/02/2014 9:18 pm EST Imagine a future where endless balls of plastic bags aren't jammed underneath the kitchen sink, where the idea of a "plastic bag holder" is as quaint as a CD rack, and where that famous scene in "American Beauty" prompts children to ask their parents about the bygone days of plastic bag pollution. For Hawaii, such a future is just around the corner. All four of the populated counties in Hawaii have passed legislation banning plastic bags at checkout counters, making it the first state in the country to pass such a ban. (There is a fifth county, Kalawao County, in Hawaii, but it is very remote and barely populated.) On the Big Island, where consumers have been paying for plastic bags at checkout lines for the past year, the ban officially begins on Jan. 17 at grocery stores, restaurants and retailers.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/en/nonresearch-en/2014/hawaii-county-set-to-begin-plastic-bag-ban/feed/ 0