mammals Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/category/mammals/ Wed, 31 Dec 2014 15:15:06 +0000 de-DE hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg mammals Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/category/mammals/ 32 32 How marine debris ingestion differs among megafauna species in a tropical coastal area https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/how-marine-debris-ingestion-differs-among-megafauna-species-in-a-tropical-coastal-area-2/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/how-marine-debris-ingestion-differs-among-megafauna-species-in-a-tropical-coastal-area-2/#respond Wed, 31 Dec 2014 15:15:06 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=1070 Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto, Danielle Rodrigues Awabdi, How marine debris ingestion differs among megafauna species in a tropical coastal area, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 88, Issues 1?2, 15 November 2014, Pages 86-90, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14006134) Abstract: The marine debris ingested by megafauna species (Trichiurus lepturus, Chelonia mydas, Pontoporia blainvillei, and Sotalia guianensis) was recorded in a coastal area of southeastern Brazil (21?23°S). Marine debris was recorded in all species, mainly consisting of plastic material (flexible and hard plastics ? clear, white, and colored- and nylon filaments). The ?pelagic predators? T. lepturus and S. guianesis showed the lowest percent frequencies of debris ingestion (0.7% and 1.3%, respectively), followed by the ?benthic predator? P. blainvillei (15.7%) and the ?benthic herbivorous C. mydas (59.2%). The debris found in C. mydas stomachs was opportunistically ingested during feeding activities on local macroalgal banks. In the study area, the benthic environment accumulates more anthropogenic debris than the pelagic environment, and benthic/demersal feeders are more susceptible to encounters and ingestion. The sub-lethal effects observed in C. mydas, such as intestinal obstruction due to hardened fecal material, should be considered a local conservation concern. Keywords: Marine debris; Megafauna; Fish; Turtle; Dolphins; Brazilian coastal area

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]]> Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto, Danielle Rodrigues Awabdi, How marine debris ingestion differs among megafauna species in a tropical coastal area, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 88, Issues 1?2, 15 November 2014, Pages 86-90, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14006134) Abstract: The marine debris ingested by megafauna species (Trichiurus lepturus, Chelonia mydas, Pontoporia blainvillei, and Sotalia guianensis) was recorded in a coastal area of southeastern Brazil (21?23°S). Marine debris was recorded in all species, mainly consisting of plastic material (flexible and hard plastics ? clear, white, and colored- and nylon filaments). The ?pelagic predators? T. lepturus and S. guianesis showed the lowest percent frequencies of debris ingestion (0.7% and 1.3%, respectively), followed by the ?benthic predator? P. blainvillei (15.7%) and the ?benthic herbivorous C. mydas (59.2%). The debris found in C. mydas stomachs was opportunistically ingested during feeding activities on local macroalgal banks. In the study area, the benthic environment accumulates more anthropogenic debris than the pelagic environment, and benthic/demersal feeders are more susceptible to encounters and ingestion. The sub-lethal effects observed in C. mydas, such as intestinal obstruction due to hardened fecal material, should be considered a local conservation concern. Keywords: Marine debris; Megafauna; Fish; Turtle; Dolphins; Brazilian coastal area

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/how-marine-debris-ingestion-differs-among-megafauna-species-in-a-tropical-coastal-area-2/feed/ 0 How marine debris ingestion differs among megafauna species in a tropical coastal area https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/how-marine-debris-ingestion-differs-among-megafauna-species-in-a-tropical-coastal-area/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/how-marine-debris-ingestion-differs-among-megafauna-species-in-a-tropical-coastal-area/#respond Thu, 25 Sep 2014 17:58:32 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=930 Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto, Danielle Rodrigues Awabdi, How marine debris ingestion differs among megafauna species in a tropical coastal area, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 23 September 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14006134) Abstract: The marine debris ingested by megafauna species (Trichiurus lepturus, Chelonia mydas, Pontoporia blainvillei, and Sotalia guianensis) was recorded in a coastal area of southeastern Brazil (21?23°S). Marine debris was recorded in all species, mainly consisting of plastic material (flexible and hard plastics ? clear, white, and colored- and nylon filaments). The ?pelagic predators? T. lepturus and S. guianesis showed the lowest percent frequencies of debris ingestion (0.7% and 1.3%, respectively), followed by the ?benthic predator? P. blainvillei (15.7%) and the ?benthic herbivorous C. mydas (59.2%). The debris found in C. mydas stomachs was opportunistically ingested during feeding activities on local macroalgal banks. In the study area, the benthic environment accumulates more anthropogenic debris than the pelagic environment, and benthic/demersal feeders are more susceptible to encounters and ingestion. The sub-lethal effects observed in C. mydas, such as intestinal obstruction due to hardened fecal material, should be considered a local conservation concern. Keywords: Marine debris; Megafauna; Fish; Turtle; Dolphins; Brazilian coastal area

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]]> Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto, Danielle Rodrigues Awabdi, How marine debris ingestion differs among megafauna species in a tropical coastal area, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 23 September 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.020. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14006134) Abstract: The marine debris ingested by megafauna species (Trichiurus lepturus, Chelonia mydas, Pontoporia blainvillei, and Sotalia guianensis) was recorded in a coastal area of southeastern Brazil (21?23°S). Marine debris was recorded in all species, mainly consisting of plastic material (flexible and hard plastics ? clear, white, and colored- and nylon filaments). The ?pelagic predators? T. lepturus and S. guianesis showed the lowest percent frequencies of debris ingestion (0.7% and 1.3%, respectively), followed by the ?benthic predator? P. blainvillei (15.7%) and the ?benthic herbivorous C. mydas (59.2%). The debris found in C. mydas stomachs was opportunistically ingested during feeding activities on local macroalgal banks. In the study area, the benthic environment accumulates more anthropogenic debris than the pelagic environment, and benthic/demersal feeders are more susceptible to encounters and ingestion. The sub-lethal effects observed in C. mydas, such as intestinal obstruction due to hardened fecal material, should be considered a local conservation concern. Keywords: Marine debris; Megafauna; Fish; Turtle; Dolphins; Brazilian coastal area

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/how-marine-debris-ingestion-differs-among-megafauna-species-in-a-tropical-coastal-area/feed/ 0 Modelling exposure of oceanic higher trophic-level consumers to polychlorinated biphenyls: Pollution „hotspots“ in relation to mass mortality events of marine mammals https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/modelling-exposure-of-oceanic-higher-trophic-level-consumers-to-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pollution-hotspots-in-relation-to-mass-mortality-events-of-marine-mammals/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/modelling-exposure-of-oceanic-higher-trophic-level-consumers-to-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pollution-hotspots-in-relation-to-mass-mortality-events-of-marine-mammals/#respond Thu, 14 Aug 2014 19:24:04 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=796 Itsuki C. Handoh, Toru Kawai, Modelling exposure of oceanic higher trophic-level consumers to polychlorinated biphenyls: Pollution ?hotspots? in relation to mass mortality events of marine mammals, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 9 July 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.031. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004111) Abstract: Marine mammals in the past mass mortality events may have been susceptible to infection because their immune systems were suppressed through the bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). We compiled mortality event data sets of 33 marine mammal species, and employed a Finely-Advanced Transboundary Environmental model (FATE) to model the exposure of the global fish community to PCB congeners, in order to define critical exposure levels (CELs) of PCBs above which mass mortality events are likely to occur. Our modelling approach enabled us to describe the mass mortality events in the context of exposure of higher-trophic consumers to PCBs and to identify marine pollution ?hotspots? such as the Mediterranean Sea and north-western European coasts. We demonstrated that the CELs can be applied to quantify a chemical pollution Planetary Boundary, under which a safe operating space for marine mammals and humanity can exist. Keywords: Chemical pollution; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Multi-media model; Mortality events of marine mammals; Critical exposure level; Planetary Boundaries

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]]> Itsuki C. Handoh, Toru Kawai, Modelling exposure of oceanic higher trophic-level consumers to polychlorinated biphenyls: Pollution ?hotspots? in relation to mass mortality events of marine mammals, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 9 July 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.031. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004111) Abstract: Marine mammals in the past mass mortality events may have been susceptible to infection because their immune systems were suppressed through the bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). We compiled mortality event data sets of 33 marine mammal species, and employed a Finely-Advanced Transboundary Environmental model (FATE) to model the exposure of the global fish community to PCB congeners, in order to define critical exposure levels (CELs) of PCBs above which mass mortality events are likely to occur. Our modelling approach enabled us to describe the mass mortality events in the context of exposure of higher-trophic consumers to PCBs and to identify marine pollution ?hotspots? such as the Mediterranean Sea and north-western European coasts. We demonstrated that the CELs can be applied to quantify a chemical pollution Planetary Boundary, under which a safe operating space for marine mammals and humanity can exist. Keywords: Chemical pollution; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Multi-media model; Mortality events of marine mammals; Critical exposure level; Planetary Boundaries

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/modelling-exposure-of-oceanic-higher-trophic-level-consumers-to-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pollution-hotspots-in-relation-to-mass-mortality-events-of-marine-mammals/feed/ 0 What We Know About Entanglement and Ingestion https://oneearth-oneocean.com/reptilien-reptiles/2014/what-we-know-about-entanglement-and-ingestion/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/reptilien-reptiles/2014/what-we-know-about-entanglement-and-ingestion/#respond Tue, 12 Aug 2014 21:00:10 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=777 http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/research-impacts/what-we-know-about-entanglement-and-ingestion What We Know About Entanglement and Ingestion New NOAA reports sum up the state of science on entanglement and ingestion. AUGUST 8, 2014 -- The NOAA Marine Debris Program, in partnership with the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, published reports today that assess the current state of science on two marine debris impacts: ingestion and entanglement. The reports examine existing scientific literature to determine what we know about these impacts, as well as gaps in knowledge and how they may be addressed. Reports Entanglement of Marine Species in Marine Debris with an Emphasis on Species in the United States From reports in the United States, at least 115 marine species are impacted by entanglement, including mammals, turtles, birds, fish, and crabs. Most marine debris entanglement reports involved pinnipeds, particularly northern fur seals and Hawaiian monk seals, as well as sea turtles. Worldwide, at least 200 species are impacted. Occurrence of Health Effects of Anthropogenic Debris Ingested by Marine Organisms An estimated 26 marine mammal species, including toothed whales, manatees, and multiple seal species, as well as all sea turtle species have been confirmed to ingest marine debris. Over one-third of sea bird species ingest plastic. Research to-date has characterized the types, sources and impacts of ingestible debris, yet the overall effects on animals remain poorly understood. http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/mdp_entanglement_topic_paper.pdf http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/mdp_ingestion_topic_paper.pdf

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]]> http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/research-impacts/what-we-know-about-entanglement-and-ingestion What We Know About Entanglement and Ingestion New NOAA reports sum up the state of science on entanglement and ingestion. AUGUST 8, 2014 -- The NOAA Marine Debris Program, in partnership with the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, published reports today that assess the current state of science on two marine debris impacts: ingestion and entanglement. The reports examine existing scientific literature to determine what we know about these impacts, as well as gaps in knowledge and how they may be addressed. Reports Entanglement of Marine Species in Marine Debris with an Emphasis on Species in the United States From reports in the United States, at least 115 marine species are impacted by entanglement, including mammals, turtles, birds, fish, and crabs. Most marine debris entanglement reports involved pinnipeds, particularly northern fur seals and Hawaiian monk seals, as well as sea turtles. Worldwide, at least 200 species are impacted. Occurrence of Health Effects of Anthropogenic Debris Ingested by Marine Organisms An estimated 26 marine mammal species, including toothed whales, manatees, and multiple seal species, as well as all sea turtle species have been confirmed to ingest marine debris. Over one-third of sea bird species ingest plastic. Research to-date has characterized the types, sources and impacts of ingestible debris, yet the overall effects on animals remain poorly understood. http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/mdp_entanglement_topic_paper.pdf http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/mdp_ingestion_topic_paper.pdf

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/reptilien-reptiles/2014/what-we-know-about-entanglement-and-ingestion/feed/ 0 Entangled Sea Lion at PIER 39 Gets Himself Into a Pickle https://oneearth-oneocean.com/north-pacific/2014/entangled-sea-lion-at-pier-39-gets-himself-into-a-pickle/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/north-pacific/2014/entangled-sea-lion-at-pier-39-gets-himself-into-a-pickle/#respond Wed, 09 Jul 2014 20:01:36 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=676 http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/News-Room/2014-news-archives/pickles.html Entangled Sea Lion at PIER 39 Gets Himself Into a Pickle When a sea lion was spotted at PIER 39 with monofilament fishing line wrapped around his neck, The Marine Mammal Center launched a daring rescue mission to save him. June 19, 2014 San Francisco?s PIER 39, a hub for shops, restaurants and attractions, isn?t just a draw for tourists?it?s a popular hangout for California sea lions looking for a dry spot of ?land? on which to haul out. The pier?s floating docks host hundreds of sea lions during the peak seasons of spring and fall. Most of these animals are healthy males using the docks as a resting place during their migration up and down the California coast. But on June 6, an animal in need of rescue was spotted among the lounging crowd. The 117-pound juvenile sea lion had a visible wound around his neck?a clear sign of a dangerous entanglement that would only get worse as he continued to grow in size. http://youtu.be/MULDJT3o_jI Pickles the Sea Lion is Darted at PIER 39 Published on 19 Jun 2014 When a sea lion was spotted at PIER 39 with fishing line wrapped around his neck, The Marine Mammal Center launched a daring rescue mission to save him. http://www.youtube.com/user/MarineMammalCenter

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]]> http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/News-Room/2014-news-archives/pickles.html Entangled Sea Lion at PIER 39 Gets Himself Into a Pickle When a sea lion was spotted at PIER 39 with monofilament fishing line wrapped around his neck, The Marine Mammal Center launched a daring rescue mission to save him. June 19, 2014 San Francisco?s PIER 39, a hub for shops, restaurants and attractions, isn?t just a draw for tourists?it?s a popular hangout for California sea lions looking for a dry spot of ?land? on which to haul out. The pier?s floating docks host hundreds of sea lions during the peak seasons of spring and fall. Most of these animals are healthy males using the docks as a resting place during their migration up and down the California coast. But on June 6, an animal in need of rescue was spotted among the lounging crowd. The 117-pound juvenile sea lion had a visible wound around his neck?a clear sign of a dangerous entanglement that would only get worse as he continued to grow in size. 
http://youtu.be/MULDJT3o_jI

Pickles the Sea Lion is Darted at PIER 39

Published on 19 Jun 2014

When a sea lion was spotted at PIER 39 with fishing line wrapped around
his neck, The Marine Mammal Center launched a daring rescue mission to
save him.

http://www.youtube.com/user/MarineMammalCenter

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/north-pacific/2014/entangled-sea-lion-at-pier-39-gets-himself-into-a-pickle/feed/ 0 Effects of Age, Adipose Percent, and Reproduction on PCB Concentrations and Profiles in an Extreme Fasting North Pacific Marine Mammal https://oneearth-oneocean.com/north-pacific/2014/effects-of-age-adipose-percent-and-reproduction-on-pcb-concentrations-and-profiles-in-an-extreme-fasting-north-pacific-marine-mammal/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/north-pacific/2014/effects-of-age-adipose-percent-and-reproduction-on-pcb-concentrations-and-profiles-in-an-extreme-fasting-north-pacific-marine-mammal/#respond Fri, 09 May 2014 10:25:40 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=581 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096191 Peterson SH, Hassrick JL, Lafontaine A, Thomé J-P, Crocker DE, et al. (2014) Effects of Age, Adipose Percent, and Reproduction on PCB Concentrations and Profiles in an Extreme Fasting North Pacific Marine Mammal. PLoS ONE 9(4): e96191. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096191 Abstract Persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are widely distributed and detectable far from anthropogenic sources. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) biannually travel thousands of kilometers to forage in coastal and open-ocean regions of the northeast Pacific Ocean and then return to land where they fast while breeding and molting. Our study examined potential effects of age, adipose percent, and the difference between the breeding and molting fasts on PCB concentrations and congener profiles in blubber and serum of northern elephant seal females. Between 2005 and 2007, we sampled blubber and blood from 58 seals before and after a foraging trip, which were then analyzed for PCBs. Age did not significantly affect total PCB concentrations; however, the proportion of PCB congeners with different numbers of chlorine atoms was significantly affected by age, especially in the outer blubber. Younger adult females had a significantly greater proportion of low-chlorinated PCBs (tri-, tetra-, and penta-CBs) than older females, with the opposite trend observed for hepta-CBs, indicating that an age-associated process such as parity (birth) may significantly affect congener profiles. The percent of adipose tissue had a significant relationship with inner blubber PCB concentrations, with the highest mean concentrations observed at the end of the molting fast. These results highlight the importance of sampling across the entire blubber layer when assessing contaminant levels in phocid seals and taking into account the adipose stores and reproductive status of an animal when conducting contaminant research. http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action;jsessionid=94BBD82BF32D7717703CB87A8ABAF562?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096191&representation=PDF

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]]> http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096191 Peterson SH, Hassrick JL, Lafontaine A, Thomé J-P, Crocker DE, et al. (2014) Effects of Age, Adipose Percent, and Reproduction on PCB Concentrations and Profiles in an Extreme Fasting North Pacific Marine Mammal. PLoS ONE 9(4): e96191. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096191 Abstract Persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are widely distributed and detectable far from anthropogenic sources. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) biannually travel thousands of kilometers to forage in coastal and open-ocean regions of the northeast Pacific Ocean and then return to land where they fast while breeding and molting. Our study examined potential effects of age, adipose percent, and the difference between the breeding and molting fasts on PCB concentrations and congener profiles in blubber and serum of northern elephant seal females. Between 2005 and 2007, we sampled blubber and blood from 58 seals before and after a foraging trip, which were then analyzed for PCBs. Age did not significantly affect total PCB concentrations; however, the proportion of PCB congeners with different numbers of chlorine atoms was significantly affected by age, especially in the outer blubber. Younger adult females had a significantly greater proportion of low-chlorinated PCBs (tri-, tetra-, and penta-CBs) than older females, with the opposite trend observed for hepta-CBs, indicating that an age-associated process such as parity (birth) may significantly affect congener profiles. The percent of adipose tissue had a significant relationship with inner blubber PCB concentrations, with the highest mean concentrations observed at the end of the molting fast. These results highlight the importance of sampling across the entire blubber layer when assessing contaminant levels in phocid seals and taking into account the adipose stores and reproductive status of an animal when conducting contaminant research. http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action;jsessionid=94BBD82BF32D7717703CB87A8ABAF562?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096191&representation=PDF

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/north-pacific/2014/effects-of-age-adipose-percent-and-reproduction-on-pcb-concentrations-and-profiles-in-an-extreme-fasting-north-pacific-marine-mammal/feed/ 0