Korea Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/category/korea/ Sun, 12 Oct 2014 19:53:35 +0000 de-DE hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.5 https://oneearth-oneocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/cropped-oeoo-logo-unterzeile-blau-1-32x32.jpg Korea Archives - One Earth - One Ocean e. V. https://oneearth-oneocean.com/category/korea/ 32 32 Impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/impacts-of-marine-debris-on-marine-and-coastal-biodiversity/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/impacts-of-marine-debris-on-marine-and-coastal-biodiversity/#respond Sun, 12 Oct 2014 19:53:35 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=987 http://www.cbd.int/kb/record/sideEvent/3267 Side Event Impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity Organizer Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Korea Maritime Institute, Our Seas of East Asia Network (OSEAN), and other partners Date and Time 10 October 2014 13:15 - 14:45 Meeting Twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity This event will review and consolidate on the experiences, tools and guidance on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, and provide inputs to the forthcoming CBD Expert Workshop on this issue in December 2014.

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]]> http://www.cbd.int/kb/record/sideEvent/3267 Side Event Impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity Organizer Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Korea Maritime Institute, Our Seas of East Asia Network (OSEAN), and other partners Date and Time 10 October 2014 13:15 - 14:45 Meeting Twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity This event will review and consolidate on the experiences, tools and guidance on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, and provide inputs to the forthcoming CBD Expert Workshop on this issue in December 2014.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/impacts-of-marine-debris-on-marine-and-coastal-biodiversity/feed/ 0 Accumulation of Micro-sized Synthetic Polymer Particles in the Sea Surface https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/accumulation-of-micro-sized-synthetic-polymer-particles-in-the-sea-surface/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/accumulation-of-micro-sized-synthetic-polymer-particles-in-the-sea-surface/#respond Wed, 17 Sep 2014 19:51:00 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es501757s Young Kyoung Song, Sang Hee Hong, Mi Jang, Jung-Hoon Kang, Oh Youn Kwon, Gi Myung Han, and Won Joon Shim Large Accumulation of Micro-sized Synthetic Polymer Particles in the Sea Surface Microlayer Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 48 (16), pp 9014?9021 DOI: 10.1021/es501757s Abstract Determining the exact abundance of microplastics on the sea surface can be susceptible to the sampling method used. The sea surface microlayer (SML) can accumulate light plastic particles, but this has not yet been sampled. The abundance of microplastics in the SML was evaluated off the southern coast of Korea. The SML sampling method was then compared to bulk surface water filtering, a hand net (50 ?m mesh), and a Manta trawl net (330 ?m mesh). The mean abundances were in the order of SML water > hand net > bulk water > Manta trawl net. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified that alkyds and poly(acrylate/styrene) accounted for 81 and 11%, respectively, of the total polymer content of the SML samples. These polymers originated from paints and the fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) matrix used on ships. Synthetic polymers from ship coatings should be considered to be a source of microplastics. Selecting a suitable sampling method is crucial for evaluating microplastic pollution.

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]]> http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es501757s Young Kyoung Song, Sang Hee Hong, Mi Jang, Jung-Hoon Kang, Oh Youn Kwon, Gi Myung Han, and Won Joon Shim Large Accumulation of Micro-sized Synthetic Polymer Particles in the Sea Surface Microlayer Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 48 (16), pp 9014?9021 DOI: 10.1021/es501757s Abstract Determining the exact abundance of microplastics on the sea surface can be susceptible to the sampling method used. The sea surface microlayer (SML) can accumulate light plastic particles, but this has not yet been sampled. The abundance of microplastics in the SML was evaluated off the southern coast of Korea. The SML sampling method was then compared to bulk surface water filtering, a hand net (50 ?m mesh), and a Manta trawl net (330 ?m mesh). The mean abundances were in the order of SML water > hand net > bulk water > Manta trawl net. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified that alkyds and poly(acrylate/styrene) accounted for 81 and 11%, respectively, of the total polymer content of the SML samples. These polymers originated from paints and the fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) matrix used on ships. Synthetic polymers from ship coatings should be considered to be a source of microplastics. Selecting a suitable sampling method is crucial for evaluating microplastic pollution.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/accumulation-of-micro-sized-synthetic-polymer-particles-in-the-sea-surface/feed/ 0 Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-the-annual-flow-and-stock-of-marine-debris-in-south-korea-for-management-purposes-2/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-the-annual-flow-and-stock-of-marine-debris-in-south-korea-for-management-purposes-2/#respond Wed, 17 Sep 2014 19:47:20 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=883 Yong Chang Jang, Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Jin Yong Mok, Kyoung Shin Kim, Yun Jeong Lee, Hyun-Woo Choi, Hongmook Kang, Sukhui Lee, Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 86, Issues 1?2, 15 September 2014, Pages 505-511, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.021. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004019) Abstract: The annual flow and stock of marine debris in the Sea of Korea was estimated by summarizing previous survey results and integrating them with other relevant information to underpin the national marine debris management plan. The annual inflow of marine debris was estimated to be 91,195 tons [32,825 tons (36% of the total) from sources on land and 58,370 tons (64%) from ocean sources]. As of the end of 2012, the total stock of marine debris on all South Korean coasts (12,029 tons), the seabed (137,761 tons), and in the water column (2451 tons) was estimated to be 152,241 tons. In 2012, 42,595 tons of marine debris was collected from coasts, seabeds, and the water column. This is a very rare case study that estimated the amount of marine debris at a national level, the results of which provide essential information for the development of efficient marine debris management policies. Keywords: Marine debris; Flow; Stock; Amount; Management; Korea

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]]> Yong Chang Jang, Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Jin Yong Mok, Kyoung Shin Kim, Yun Jeong Lee, Hyun-Woo Choi, Hongmook Kang, Sukhui Lee, Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 86, Issues 1?2, 15 September 2014, Pages 505-511, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.021. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004019) Abstract: The annual flow and stock of marine debris in the Sea of Korea was estimated by summarizing previous survey results and integrating them with other relevant information to underpin the national marine debris management plan. The annual inflow of marine debris was estimated to be 91,195 tons [32,825 tons (36% of the total) from sources on land and 58,370 tons (64%) from ocean sources]. As of the end of 2012, the total stock of marine debris on all South Korean coasts (12,029 tons), the seabed (137,761 tons), and in the water column (2451 tons) was estimated to be 152,241 tons. In 2012, 42,595 tons of marine debris was collected from coasts, seabeds, and the water column. This is a very rare case study that estimated the amount of marine debris at a national level, the results of which provide essential information for the development of efficient marine debris management policies. Keywords: Marine debris; Flow; Stock; Amount; Management; Korea

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-the-annual-flow-and-stock-of-marine-debris-in-south-korea-for-management-purposes-2/feed/ 0 Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-the-annual-flow-and-stock-of-marine-debris-in-south-korea-for-management-purposes/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-the-annual-flow-and-stock-of-marine-debris-in-south-korea-for-management-purposes/#respond Sat, 26 Jul 2014 20:05:48 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=763 Yong Chang Jang, Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Jin Yong Mok, Kyoung Shin Kim, Yun Jeong Lee, Hyun-Woo Choi, Hongmook Kang, Sukhui Lee, Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 16 July 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.021. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004019) Abstract: The annual flow and stock of marine debris in the Sea of Korea was estimated by summarizing previous survey results and integrating them with other relevant information to underpin the national marine debris management plan. The annual inflow of marine debris was estimated to be 91,195 tons [32,825 tons (36% of the total) from sources on land and 58,370 tons (64%) from ocean sources]. As of the end of 2012, the total stock of marine debris on all South Korean coasts (12,029 tons), the seabed (137,761 tons), and in the water column (2451 tons) was estimated to be 152,241 tons. In 2012, 42,595 tons of marine debris was collected from coasts, seabeds, and the water column. This is a very rare case study that estimated the amount of marine debris at a national level, the results of which provide essential information for the development of efficient marine debris management policies. Keywords: Marine debris; Flow; Stock; Amount; Management; Korea

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]]> Yong Chang Jang, Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Jin Yong Mok, Kyoung Shin Kim, Yun Jeong Lee, Hyun-Woo Choi, Hongmook Kang, Sukhui Lee, Estimation of the annual flow and stock of marine debris in South Korea for management purposes, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 16 July 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.021. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14004019) Abstract: The annual flow and stock of marine debris in the Sea of Korea was estimated by summarizing previous survey results and integrating them with other relevant information to underpin the national marine debris management plan. The annual inflow of marine debris was estimated to be 91,195 tons [32,825 tons (36% of the total) from sources on land and 58,370 tons (64%) from ocean sources]. As of the end of 2012, the total stock of marine debris on all South Korean coasts (12,029 tons), the seabed (137,761 tons), and in the water column (2451 tons) was estimated to be 152,241 tons. In 2012, 42,595 tons of marine debris was collected from coasts, seabeds, and the water column. This is a very rare case study that estimated the amount of marine debris at a national level, the results of which provide essential information for the development of efficient marine debris management policies. Keywords: Marine debris; Flow; Stock; Amount; Management; Korea

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-the-annual-flow-and-stock-of-marine-debris-in-south-korea-for-management-purposes/feed/ 0 Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/sources-of-plastic-marine-debris-on-beaches-of-korea-more-from-the-ocean-than-the-land/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/sources-of-plastic-marine-debris-on-beaches-of-korea-more-from-the-ocean-than-the-land/#respond Mon, 21 Jul 2014 20:43:06 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=716 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12601-014-0015-8 Yong Chang Jang, Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Jong Su Lee, Won Joon Shim, Young Kyoung Song Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land Ocean Science Journal June 2014, Volume 49, Issue 2, pp 151-162 Abstract Reduction of marine debris requires knowledge of its sources. Sources of plastic marine debris found on six beaches of Korea were estimated. Samples larger than 25 mm were collected from 10 quadrats of 5 × 5 m for each beach in spring 2013. The total 752 items (12,255 g) of debris comprised fiber and fabric (415 items, 6,909 g), hard plastic (120 items, 4,316 g), styrofoam (93 items, 306 g), film (83 items, 464 g), foamed plastic other than styrofoam (21 items, 56 g), and other polymer (20 items, 204 g). With the probable sources allocated to each of 55 debris types, the source of 56% of all the collected debris appeared to be oceanbased and 44% was land-based. Priorities of policy measures to reduce marine debris should be different from regions to regions as the main sources of debris may differ.

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]]> http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12601-014-0015-8 Yong Chang Jang, Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Jong Su Lee, Won Joon Shim, Young Kyoung Song Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land Ocean Science Journal June 2014, Volume 49, Issue 2, pp 151-162 Abstract Reduction of marine debris requires knowledge of its sources. Sources of plastic marine debris found on six beaches of Korea were estimated. Samples larger than 25 mm were collected from 10 quadrats of 5 × 5 m for each beach in spring 2013. The total 752 items (12,255 g) of debris comprised fiber and fabric (415 items, 6,909 g), hard plastic (120 items, 4,316 g), styrofoam (93 items, 306 g), film (83 items, 464 g), foamed plastic other than styrofoam (21 items, 56 g), and other polymer (20 items, 204 g). With the probable sources allocated to each of 55 debris types, the source of 56% of all the collected debris appeared to be oceanbased and 44% was land-based. Priorities of policy measures to reduce marine debris should be different from regions to regions as the main sources of debris may differ.

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/sources-of-plastic-marine-debris-on-beaches-of-korea-more-from-the-ocean-than-the-land/feed/ 0 Quantities, composition, and sources of beach debris in Korea from the results of nationwide monitoring, https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/quantities-composition-and-sources-of-beach-debris-in-korea-from-the-results-of-nationwide-monitoring/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/quantities-composition-and-sources-of-beach-debris-in-korea-from-the-results-of-nationwide-monitoring/#respond Wed, 09 Jul 2014 19:40:32 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=666 Sunwook Hong, Jongmyoung Lee, Daeseok Kang, Hyun-Woo Choi, Sun-Hwa Ko, Quantities, composition, and sources of beach debris in Korea from the results of nationwide monitoring, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 84, Issues 1?2, 15 July 2014, Pages 27-34, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.051. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14003427) Abstract: This study assessed the levels of marine debris pollution and identified its main sources in Korea. The surveys were bimonthly conducted by NGO leaders and volunteers on 20 beaches from March 2008 to November 2009. The quantities of marine debris were estimated at 480.9 (±267.7) count ? 100 m?1 for number, 86.5 (±78.6) kg ? 100 m?1 for weight, and 0.48 (±0.38) m3 ? 100 m?1 for volume. The level of marine debris pollution on the Korean beaches was comparable to that in the coastal areas of the North Atlantic ocean and South Africa. Plastics and styrofoam occupied the majority of debris composition in terms of number (66.7%) and volume (62.3%). The main sources of debris were fishing activities including commercial fisheries and marine aquaculture (51.3%). Especially styrofoam buoy from aquaculture was the biggest contributor to marine debris pollution on these beaches. Keywords: Marine debris; Beach monitoring; Quantity; Composition; Source; Korea

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]]> Sunwook Hong, Jongmyoung Lee, Daeseok Kang, Hyun-Woo Choi, Sun-Hwa Ko, Quantities, composition, and sources of beach debris in Korea from the results of nationwide monitoring, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 84, Issues 1?2, 15 July 2014, Pages 27-34, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.051. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14003427) Abstract: This study assessed the levels of marine debris pollution and identified its main sources in Korea. The surveys were bimonthly conducted by NGO leaders and volunteers on 20 beaches from March 2008 to November 2009. The quantities of marine debris were estimated at 480.9 (±267.7) count ? 100 m?1 for number, 86.5 (±78.6) kg ? 100 m?1 for weight, and 0.48 (±0.38) m3 ? 100 m?1 for volume. The level of marine debris pollution on the Korean beaches was comparable to that in the coastal areas of the North Atlantic ocean and South Africa. Plastics and styrofoam occupied the majority of debris composition in terms of number (66.7%) and volume (62.3%). The main sources of debris were fishing activities including commercial fisheries and marine aquaculture (51.3%). Especially styrofoam buoy from aquaculture was the biggest contributor to marine debris pollution on these beaches. Keywords: Marine debris; Beach monitoring; Quantity; Composition; Source; Korea

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/quantities-composition-and-sources-of-beach-debris-in-korea-from-the-results-of-nationwide-monitoring/feed/ 0 Estimation of lost tourism revenue in Geoje Island from the 2011 marine debris pollution event in South Korea, https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-lost-tourism-revenue-in-geoje-island-from-the-2011-marine-debris-pollution-event-in-south-korea/ https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-lost-tourism-revenue-in-geoje-island-from-the-2011-marine-debris-pollution-event-in-south-korea/#respond Tue, 08 Apr 2014 21:01:59 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=448 Yong Chang Jang, Sunwook Hong, Jongmyoung Lee, Mi Jeong Lee, Won Joon Shim, Estimation of lost tourism revenue in Geoje Island from the 2011 marine debris pollution event in South Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 81, Issue 1, 15 April 2014, Pages 49-54, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.021. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14001179) Abstract: Following a period of heavy rainfall in July 2011, a large amount of marine debris was washed up on the beaches of Geoje Island, South Korea, affecting the island?s tourism industry. The tourism revenue decreased due to this pollution event and was estimated by multiplying the decreased number of visitors by the average expenditure of visitors to the beaches. Due to the fact that the visitor count at the Island?s beaches decreased from 890,435 in 2010 to 330,207 in 2011 (i.e., a reduction of 560,228 persons, 63%), the tourism revenue loss of the island was estimated to be US$29 ? 37 million. This study is one of the few to consider the economic effects of marine debris. Keywords: Marine debris; Economic effect; Tourism; Pollution; Korea

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]]> Yong Chang Jang, Sunwook Hong, Jongmyoung Lee, Mi Jeong Lee, Won Joon Shim, Estimation of lost tourism revenue in Geoje Island from the 2011 marine debris pollution event in South Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 81, Issue 1, 15 April 2014, Pages 49-54, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.021. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14001179) Abstract: Following a period of heavy rainfall in July 2011, a large amount of marine debris was washed up on the beaches of Geoje Island, South Korea, affecting the island?s tourism industry. The tourism revenue decreased due to this pollution event and was estimated by multiplying the decreased number of visitors by the average expenditure of visitors to the beaches. Due to the fact that the visitor count at the Island?s beaches decreased from 890,435 in 2010 to 330,207 in 2011 (i.e., a reduction of 560,228 persons, 63%), the tourism revenue loss of the island was estimated to be US$29 ? 37 million. This study is one of the few to consider the economic effects of marine debris. Keywords: Marine debris; Economic effect; Tourism; Pollution; Korea

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]]> https://oneearth-oneocean.com/research/2014/estimation-of-lost-tourism-revenue-in-geoje-island-from-the-2011-marine-debris-pollution-event-in-south-korea/feed/ 0 Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea https://oneearth-oneocean.com/2013/2013/relationships-among-the-abundances-of-plastic-debris-in-different-size-classes-on-beaches-in-south-korea/ Fri, 06 Dec 2013 13:31:00 +0000 http://www.oneearth-oneocean.com/kb/?p=28 Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Young Kyung Song, Sang Hee Hong, Yong Chang Jang, Mi Jang, Nak Won Heo, Gi Myung Han, Mi Jeong Lee, Daeseok Kang, Won Joon Shim, Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 77, Issues 1–2, 15 December 2013, Pages 349-354, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13004657) Abstract: Plastic debris on six beaches near the Nakdong River Estuary, South Korea, was sampled in May and September 2012 and classified into three size classes, large microplastics (1–5 mm), mesoplastics (5–25 mm), and macroplastics (>25 mm). The relationships among the abundances of the size classes were then examined. The abundances of each size category in May (before rainy season) and in September (after rainy season) were 8205 and 27,606 particles/m2 for large microplastics, 238 and 237 particles/m2 for mesoplastics, and 0.97 and 1.03 particles/m2 for macroplastics, respectively. Styrofoam was the most abundant item both in microplastic and mesoplastic debris, while intact plastics were most common in macroplastic debris. The abundances of meso- and micro-plastics were the most strongly correlated. There was a higher correlation between the abundances of macro- and meso-plastics than between macro- and micro-plastics. Keywords: Marine debris; Microplastics; Mesoplastics; Macroplastics; Styrofoam

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]]> Jongmyoung Lee, Sunwook Hong, Young Kyung Song, Sang Hee Hong, Yong Chang Jang, Mi Jang, Nak Won Heo, Gi Myung Han, Mi Jeong Lee, Daeseok Kang, Won Joon Shim, Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 77, Issues 1–2, 15 December 2013, Pages 349-354, ISSN 0025-326X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.013. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13004657) Abstract: Plastic debris on six beaches near the Nakdong River Estuary, South Korea, was sampled in May and September 2012 and classified into three size classes, large microplastics (1–5 mm), mesoplastics (5–25 mm), and macroplastics (>25 mm). The relationships among the abundances of the size classes were then examined. The abundances of each size category in May (before rainy season) and in September (after rainy season) were 8205 and 27,606 particles/m2 for large microplastics, 238 and 237 particles/m2 for mesoplastics, and 0.97 and 1.03 particles/m2 for macroplastics, respectively. Styrofoam was the most abundant item both in microplastic and mesoplastic debris, while intact plastics were most common in macroplastic debris. The abundances of meso- and micro-plastics were the most strongly correlated. There was a higher correlation between the abundances of macro- and meso-plastics than between macro- and micro-plastics. Keywords: Marine debris; Microplastics; Mesoplastics; Macroplastics; Styrofoam

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